Healthcare Insurance : The Genesis Of Aetna

rehend the PPACA, one must understand the history of the United States’ health care system. The most successful and known reform would be the passage of Medicare and Medicaid. President Johnson’s main objective with his program was to provide health insurance to those over 65 years old, who otherwise wouldn’t be able to receive coverage due to retirement or being financially unfit to purchase health insurance. It has since been expanded to cover those with disabilities, and lower income families (“Overview,” 2015). Brady (2015) examines President Clinton’s attempt to massively overhaul health care in the United States. His plan, the Health Security Act (HSA), required employers to offer health insurance to their employees, and mandated that every US citizen purchase health insurance. This plan would have most likely expand health insurance to many more Americans; however, many feared the large tax increases, restricted options for patients, and with the lack of general support for the bill, it failed in Congress and was never implemented (p. 628). President Clinton’s failed attempt at health care reform opened up the door to future reforms, and it even shared multiple similarities to the PPACA. Smith (2015) updates the history of the health care system in America stating that “In the mid-2000s, America’s uninsured population swelled to nearly 47 million, representing about 16 percent of the population” and how “16 million Americans […] were underinsured” (p. 2). People

of the patient with controlling the costs of care, the issue of the uninsured began to grow. The concept of some sort of governmentally funded universal health care for all began over a century ago, however, never successfully implemented. From a historical viewpoint, individuals obtained health insurance by purchasing their own policy, as a benefit of employment, or through governmentally funded programs that required certain eligibility criteria be met in order to be eligible. If a person did not qualify for one of these types of health insurance, they generally were left without health insurance coverage.

HealthSouth Corporation was incorporated in January 1984 in Birmingham, Alabma by the founder Richard M. Scrushy. HealthSouth Corporation is the leading provider of medical rehabilitation health care and outpatient surgery services in the United States. Richard M. Scrushy was the former CEO& Founder of HealthSouth Corporation, and there were 5 CFO which were Aaron Beam, Weston, Smith, Bill Owens, Michael Martin and Tadd Mcvay.

The first characteristic of the US health care system is that there is no central governing agency which allows for little integration and coordination. While the government has a great influence on the health care system, the system is mostly controlled through private hands. The system is financed publically and privately creating a variety of payments and delivery unlike centrally controlled healthcare systems in other developed countries. The US system is more complex and less manageable than centrally controlled health care systems, which makes it more expensive. The second characteristic of the US health care system is that it is technology driven and focuses on acute care. With more usage of high technology,

The Affordable Care act was intended to increase the quality of health insurance and lower the costs that was planned to benefit everyone in the nation regardless of their ability to pay and regardless of any preexisting condition they might have. During the founding years of the United States, when creating the constitution, checks and balances was one of the most important aspects of the principles of Government. With divided Government, it prevented any one branch of Government to become too powerful. The Constitution had very distinct and separate role for each of the three Branches: The legislative (Congress), the executive (the President), and the judiciary (the Supreme Court).

Michael Fraser is the executive vice president of the Pennsylvania Medical Society. Fraser states that some of the plans offered through the Affordable Care Act have an annual deductible of $6,350. Patients must pay this deductible before insurance covers any portion of their medical fees. Once met, these plans only cover 60 percent of the medical costs, leaving the patient responsible for the remaining 40 percent.

The timeline of U.S. healthcare history began with Early American medicine with Native Americans and common folk practices performed by settlers. Practices included herbal remedies, procedures such as “bleeding, blistering, and purging (Batnitzky, Hayes, & Vinall, (2014). Practices were based on theory and environmental contributors rather than diagnosis of treatment. The First Marine Hospital fund was signed into law in 1789,creating the beginning of organized medicine and facilities. The First Marine Hospital fund ensured military members and individuals with federal eligibility were provided medical treatment and preventive care. Funds in maintaining treatment facilities was acquired though payroll deductions. This treatment was provided at various hospitals and facilities. Through growth and expansion, treatment facilities were operated and maintained by military operations. In 1847, the American Medical Association (AMA) was founded by Dr. Nathan Davis. Standards and guidelines were determined for the education requirements for medical professionals, drug manufacturing, preventing disease, sanitation, and in providing higher standards of treatment and care (American Medical Association [AMA], 2015). In 1872, the American Public Health Association [APA] was formed in promoting prevention of communicable diseases. This was the next major breakthrough in reducing diseases such as smallpox, whooping cough, and other common diseases that highly spread. As advances in

Health insurance is a coverage that takes care of the cost of a family or individual’s medical expenses by either reimbursing customers or paying them directly. Health insurance is important because it helps people to be able to receive and afford the health care that they need. Aetna is a health insurance company that sells insurance for things such as medical and dental coverage to prospective customers. In the past few weeks, Aetna tried to merge with another health insurance company, Humana Inc., to reduce the insurance exchanges as well as cancel a planned expansion.

Managed care and its competition is being viewed to solve their issue on the struggle to control

Aetna responded to North Texas’ demand for $2.7M in underpayments by offering increase to all fixed and percentage commercial rates by 0.8% for one-year. Based on Aetna’s projection of volume for North Texas, it determined that North Texas would recover the full amount of its alleged damages during that period. However, because North Texas believed that Aetna was greatly overstating the likely business volume, the parties were not able to agree on a fixed time period for the temporary rate increase. Ultimately, the parties agreed that the temporary rate increase would last for whatever period of time was necessary for North Texas to actually recover additional payments of $2.7M.

According to the company’s timeline ConAgra was founded in 1919 by Frank Little and Alva Kinney, who brought together four grain mills as Nebraska Consolidated Mills, which in 1971 changed its name to ConAgra. In the early 1970s ConAgra had financial difficulties due to the financial speculations. In 1974, Mike Harper, an experienced food industry executive, took over the firm and brought it back from the brink of bankruptcy. Starting with its 1980 purchase of Banquet Foods ConAgra started its three-decade-long buying spree, purchasing over one hundred prepared food brands. In 2006 company refocused its

Healthcare didn’t always exist in the United States. Before the 1920’s, most people didn’t have health coverage. Most people were treated at home and hardly anyone, except a few large employers offered healthcare. Everyone else paid out of pocket. As the population shifted from rural areas to urban centers, families lived in smaller homes with less room to care for sick family members (Faulkner 1960, p. 509). Increasing requirements for licensing and accreditation, in addition to a rising demand for medical care, eventually led to rising costs. By the end of 1920s, there was an increased demand for medical care and the costs of medical care increased.

Humana, Inc. is a health insurance company from Louisville, Kentucky that started in 1961 by Lawyers Wendell Cherry and David A. Jones, Sr. Humana started as a nursing home where it later become the largest nursing home company in the nation. After the nursing homes they soon began to purchase hospitals entirely for expansion. The name of the company changed to Humana, Inc. two years later. Cherry and Jones continued to expand by purchasing other companies. In 1984, the company began focusing on Health Insurance where it remains to focus on even today. Since 2014, Humana has had over 13 million customers and over 52,000, and a revenue of $41.3 billion that was reported in 2013.

With an evolving market in the various fields marketing, companies needed to readjust their and update their marketing strategies. Centuries ago, a company that needed to market for its products would just post a paper note at the main town street and if people liked the product it would be sold. In the 21st century, marketing became an essential field and necessary branch in any company that plans to succeed. Aetna recognized this necessity and while analyzing the company’s strategies and structure, one can recognize the un-doubtful organization in identifying their target market. Through the creation of different subsidiaries, Aetna, Inc. is able to organize its target market and classify their various services based on

If you have noticed, most of the time we would go for a quick errand to buy necessities we would usually go to Wal-Mart, Sam 's Club, King Soopers, Safeway, Walgreens, or Costco. Of course, there are other retail markets out there, but we 're going to focus on the "two leading American retailers, posting more revenue than any of their rivals" (Bowman): Wal-Mart and Costco. For many years, Wal-mart has been growing instantaneously and is the number one retailer in the world for many years. Although, when it comes to employee benefits, Costco 's would be considered a better choice for employees. Costco may be treating employees better when it comes to