Healthcare Pathogens

We live in a country where all children go to school to gain an education and 25% of them will go onto receive some type of college degree. Compare this to low-income countries, in which children are 16 times as likely to die prior to their fifth birthday (Nickitas, Middaugh & Aries, 2016). Beyond the lens of our smartphones, Facebook friends and Nike sneakers is a world full of desperate people wishing to have enough food to eat for today. Many parts of the world lack sanitation, safe housing, sparse medical care and no medication. The global health issue are everyone’s problems not only for the sake of altruism but, with the increase in global travel for routine business and pleasure, dangerous pathogen are no longer confine by boarders. The Ebola outbreak four years ago, proved the necessity of a global solution to global health issues. The collaborative practice of several world health agencies and economically developed countries along with the use of volunteers, statistical updates, the latest literature and practices kept this outbreak mostly contained to its region of origin and the death toll to approximately 11,000 people (mainly in West Africa) (WHO,

Looking at various systems around the world and how they came into existence provide useful comparisons and illuminate how different countries have responded to very similar needs of their citizens as well as how to mitigate limitations and marshal opportunities offered in the diversity of these systems (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010). This paper analyzes several health systems

Is it possible for two countries which are thousands of kilometers away from each other to have some similarities in their health care system? Health care system is one of the most important and fundamental sectors in any country or region all around the world. Many countries pour a major amount of their overall income to support the health care system. And the main reason behind this tremendous effort provided by the countries all around the world for the health care system is that each country wants to provide a good and high standard health care services for all the population occupying the land whether they were local citizens or Non- local citizens . This essay will compare and contrast the health care system in two wonderful countries:

Systemic infection – this is an infection will result in the individuals whole body becoming affected. It can lead to systemic symptoms such as muscle pains, fever, and nausea.

More than one million of Healthcare associated infections happen across healthcare settings every year, or 1 in 20 people admitted to any healthcare setting (Healthy people 2020, 2013). HAIs are the most common complication seen in hospitalized patients. HAIs increase morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and length of stay even after adjustment for the main underlying illness. According to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC, April 2013) 5 to 10% of patients admitted to acute-care hospitals, or long-term care facilities approximately 2 million patients per year in the United States acquire a nosocomial infection. At least 90,000 deaths per year are a result of HAIs, making it the fifth leading cause of death in acute-care hospitals. These

There is no universal fix to the complexities of each country and what they face with regards to their health care needs. Health care is a fundamental need among all peoples. Each country will have to work on solving the disparities that exist in access of care, funding of care, and availability of care. Because we now find ourselves facing the dilemma of fighting many infectious diseases once thought to be under control, we must work with all countries around the world. Every country faces the potential of an outbreak of a disease like SARS or a terrorism strike involving biological or chemical agents. Global initiatives to improve the health of nations across the board regardless of resources in these nations will benefit all. We need to continue with consistent and comprehensive measures to ensure health equity to all (Williams & Torrens, 2010).

Transparency is needed because everyone should have access to essential health information. Participation from the community is a component because everyone is a stakeholder. Hunt and Backman also stress equity, equality, and non-discrimination because health systems must be accessible to everyone and protected by the law. They also argue that health committee members must show respect for cultural differences. Medical care is one crucial component of a health system, but covering health determinants is equally critical in Hunt and Backman’s framework. They also cover the need for progressive realization to implement health systems effectively and account for resource accessibility. However, Hunt and Backman state that distinct from the progressive realization component are “duties of immediate effect” which requires that a list of minimum essentials be guaranteed and minimum baskets of health services for each country are adopted (84-85). There must be quality of care, and access to preventive care and effective referral systems. All health care participants should coordinate health care at the international, national, and departmental levels. There should be international cooperation in the control of infectious diseases, distribution of health findings, and international regulatory plans. Participants must cover balances between resources and rights conflicts and should fairly resolve by considering the viewpoint of the least powerful participant. Last,

The world faced a stark reality at the turn of the century. Amidst unprecedented new wealth and powerful new technologies, millions were still getting sick and dying from diseases and life expectancies were actually falling. Therefore, in September 2000, 189 country representatives adopted the Millennium Development Goals to focus on time limited commitments to reduce poverty and promote human development in order to reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and other disease by 2015.(WHO, 2008). The challenge for meeting this deadline of goals was perceived as emergent and had a powerful effect for transforming the long-standing problem of global public health. It was perceived that globalization was putting the social cohesiveness of many countries under stress and that the health systems as key constituents of our contemporary societies were clearly not performing as well as they could and should.

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) which is also known as Nosocomial infection is defined as infection due to hospital care/ hospital environment and or cross infection from other patient, which the patient was not carrying before getting admitted to the hospital. Infection that the patient acquires after 48 hours of the admission in the hospital from its environment, within 3 days of hospital discharge or within 30 days of post-surgery discharge is HAIs. Patient who are more susceptible to HAIs are immunocompromised patient, patient admitted to ICU, post-surgical patient, infant and elderly population to name a few. Predominantly occurring HAIs are lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), urinary tract infection(UTI), surgical site infection

Now that I’ve talked about Liberia let’s move on to Ethiopia. Ethiopia has an area of 1,104,296 sq, km. and 426,37. In 2016 the Ethiopian population was 102.4 million. Like Liberia, Ethiopian has a growth population rate of 2.5%.

The first study in the table by Asimakopoulou and Madianos (2015), define two samples of people. In this study 5 ICU’s were selected in the greater Athens, Greece due to their geographical

This technique is used to help prevent the spread of infections and pathogens. Some examples of when health care professionals use this are when handling surgery equipment, vaginal deliveries, performing dialysis, inserting a chest tube and inserting central Iv. When working in the pharmacy you always want to make sure you have clean hands. They need to be cleaned with warm water and soap for at least 15 seconds. Another example would be is to make sure when your sneezing and coughing you always cover your mouth. Also if you're sick try to stay away from others or just stay home.

We can prohibit pathogens from spreading and spreading to others by cleaning and staying healthy. When people are not doing healthy things this gives bacteria and a virus chances to get in your body. If we do healthy things our body can prevent them from getting in your body and you stay bad bacteria and virus free!

The specific global health issue that this document explores is the belief that health problems are only existent in countries that are underdeveloped. The author readily disproves this notion by uncovering the varying problems and points of improvement in healthcare systems from 17 different countries, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, and which require different solutions. Although there is no consensus opinion regarding the remedies for such a multitude of issues, it is significant to realize that the opportunities for the most improvement can be stratified according to either political or economic changes (Baldwin, 2001, p. 1). Such changes, of course, are not easily implemented and are central to the very identity of a country. However, as the author strongly implies, the notion of healthcare is nothing less than one of

Ethiopia considered to be one of the most under-developed, highest poverty level, and one of the fastest growing countries in the world with a growth rate of 3.02%. It’s one of the largest landlocked countries in the continent of Africa. According to United Nations projections, Ethiopia is the 13th most populous country. It’s the second largest country in Africa. In addition Ethiopia filled with a rich culture and heritage. It’s the home of various ethnicities, and religious. Islam and Christianity are the most practiced religious in Ethiopia. There are eighty-six known indigenous language in Ethiopia,