Healthy Ageing Of Cloned Sheep Summary

Therapeutic cloning, what is it? Some might think it involves the cloning of a human being. In actuality, it refers to the removal of a nucleus, which contains the genetic material, from virtually any cell of the body and its transfer by injection into an egg (acquired from female) that is not fertilized and from which the nucleus has been removed. Therapeutic cloning can also be referred to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To perform SCNT researchers extract the nucleus from the egg, the nucleus stores all the genetic information for any living subject. Then researches take a somatic cell, which is any type of cell that is not a gamete, and extract its nucleus from the cell.

that goes into creating a clone. First, scientist remove a somatic cell from an animal that they

Many advances in science continue to bring possibilities and hope to people around the world. The possibility of therapeutic cloning and embryonic stem cell research not only brings hope to people with diseases but also brings fear to many when the thought of clones walking the earth comes to mind. Therapeutic cloning is an advanced procedure also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) where DNA is removed from an egg and replaced with DNA from a somatic cell. After the DNA is transferred into the egg, the egg is shocked into thinking it was fertilized and cells start to divide. The "fertilized" egg or embryo's stem cells are harvested for research to find cures for diseases and other medical answers.

SCT cloning works by a donor cell being taken from an organism and then placed into an unfertilised egg cell. The cells are fused together and cell division is triggered. The embryo is then inserted into a surrogate mother and a clone of an organism is created. The scientist as Ag research cloned Daisy the cow by taking DNA copies of micro RNAs and inserting them into cow cells. They then took an unfertilised egg and removed the maternal genetic material and inserted the genetically modified cell. Embryos are created and inserted into a foster

animal using this kind of process. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) prevents the loss of animals and helps us to have more and more kind of animals. This technique has been hoping to contribute expansively to the farm animal handiwork industry and preservation of priceless genetic origin. It is usually applied in farm animals like cow and etc. Nuclear transfer can create a numerous number of copy of the very best farm animal. We still can identify the prototype and the cloned because of the differences of their characteristics but still it is now the new generation of the original one. We may expect that somatic cell clone technology will soon become applicable to humans, which we will wait a lot of time to discover. There are risks in

Reproductive cloning consists of four main steps. The entire genetic code of an organism is reproduced from one single body cell of an adult individual, which in this case would be the body cell from the extinct species that has been preserved. For this experiment of cloning, scientists could use the most common technique which is somatic cell nuclear transfer, which is also known as SCNT. The only piece of genetic material that is not needed for this type of reproduction cloning is the mitochondrial DNA. (BioCentre, March

Therapeutic cloning, which is also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is a type of cloning that produces embryonic stem cells to use in replacing or repairing damaged tissues or organs. This type of cloning does not clone humans or any animals.

One of the diseases that forms from cloning is Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS) which results in a clone being bigger than normal (What are the Risks of Cloning). No one has successfully cloned a human but according to William Dudley, “cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders than non cloned animals.” ("Background to Controversy: Basic Questions About Cloning" 92). Because of the illnesses clones can get, it can also result in clones having shorter lives. When a human’s cells divide, their chromosomes naturally get shorter which causes everyone to age. Telomeres will increase in length every time a strand of DNA is copied and if an animal is young, the animal’s telomeres will be long, and if an animal is older, the animal’s telomeres will be shorter. When Dolly the sheep was born, she was born with abnormally short telomeres which resulted in her living a shorter life than an average sheep.(“What are the Risks of Cloning”). Clones would also have severe medical conditions and reproductive problems. “Some clones without LOS have developed kidney or brain malformations and impaired immune systems, which can cause problems later in life” (“What are the Risks of Cloning”). Another medical condition is reproductive problems that also make cloning very unsuccessful. According to Nancy Gibbs, “Even with practiced

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a second you? The process of cloning is something that is not necessarily very new but is something that is constantly being researched and improved. Most commonly in cloning the somatic cell nuclear transfer method is used.This is when you take a somatic cell(any cell other than the sex cells) from the person being cloned and a donor egg cell and extract the nucleus from the donor egg cell replacing it with the nucleus from the somatic cell. This fuses the donor egg and somatic cell together and next is placed in a surrogate organism that gives birth to that cell that was created. That is the process of cloning an organism. The world of cloning is new and mysterious but is something that could very

The technique used in the cloning of Daisy the cow is called Cloning by Nuclear Transfer, or SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer). Daisy was cloned from an initial cow following the use of gene knockdown to silence the expression of the BLG protein. SCNT involves ‘whole organism’ cloning. This technique consists of taking an enucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. Somatic cell nuclear transfer can create clones for both reproductive and therapeutic purposes. "Therapeutic cloning" refers to the potential use of SCNT in regenerative medicine, cloning tissue rather than cloning an entire animal.

Human reproductive cloning is the creation of an individual who has identical nuclear genetic material (DNA) to an existing human being, and who is allowed to develop to term and beyond (Bio Centre, n.d.). This science uses somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal cloned using this technology, and its possible utility for human cloning has been argued ever

The process begins with a somatic cell, which is collected from the animal that is to be cloned (known as the genetic donor). A somatic cell is any cell other than a sperm cell or egg cell, and contains the complete DNA of the animal it came from. This donor cell are taken and cultured in a low nutrient media for a week. The nutrient deprived cells stop diving and become dormant. After collecting the nucleus from the donor cell, the other kind of cell required for cloning is an egg cell, which is collected from a female of the same species (known as the egg

Somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning has a very low success rate. Of around 100 blastocysts that were stimulated 57 become embryos that were implanted into cows. The process resulted in five pregnancies – one of which was terminated to collect cells. Of the four remaining pregnancies only one survived to birth, Daisy. [6] Reasons that this could have occurred are that the enucleated egg and the transferred nucleus may not have been compatible. Also an egg with a newly transferred nucleus may not begin to divide or develop properly. Implantation of the embryo into the surrogate mother may fail. Also the pregnancy itself might fail. Cloned animals and their natural counterparts have telomeric differences. As cells divide their chromosomes get shorter. This is because the DNA sequences at both ends of a chromosome, called telomeres, shrink in length every time the DNA is copied. The older the animal is, the shorter its telomeres will be because the cells have divided many times. So animals who have been cloned, their telomeres would be different in length compared to naturally conceived young because their cells are already pretty old as they were transferred from another individual. Scientists who have looked at the telomere lengths of cloned animals had not found clear answers. Chromosomes from cloned cattle had longer telomeres than normal. This would suggest that these cells show signs of youth and seem to have an extended lifespan compared with cells from a naturally conceived cow. [7] Another implication of using SCNT cloning is that there is no genetic biodiversity. Because Daisy is a clone this means that she is genetically identical to the individual from which the genetic material was taken from. Therefore there is no variation between her and all other possible clones that would have come from the same donor. Cloning would mean all individuals

The steps taken in the process of SCNT cloning are: the nucleus, which contains the organism's DNA, of a somatic cell is removed from a healthy egg after it has reached its dormant stage ( where cell replication no longer occurs) and the rest of the cell is discarded. It is necessary for the cell to be in dormant stage as dormant cells can stay in this state for long period of time, for this time period the cell is inactive. At the same time, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed from another cow. The nucleus of the somatic cell is then inserted into the enucleated egg cell.

Animal cloning is a process by which a complete organism is replicated from a single cell extracted from the parent organism and in a manner in which they are genetically the same (Cloning, 2017). Meaning, that the cloned animal is