Heart Disease And Myocardial Infarction

In addition, the researchers conducted a chart review of each participant 's medical record. In this study the results showed that “compared with men, women used more evasive and supportive coping and rated psychologic aspects of the heart disease as more problematic to manage. More women perceived available support from friends and grandchildren, and more men perceived available support from their partner. Women rated lower levels in physical and psychologic dimensions of quality of life” (Kristofferzon et al., 2005, p. 39).

Over the past few years, heart disease has been the number one killer in women

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death globally claiming 17 million lives a year, more deaths than all cancer combined (Chiu and Radisic, 2013). Cardiovascular disease is responsible for a preponderance of health problems and its impact is expected to grow further as the population ages. In the UK, NHS spends about £7.74 billion as the expenditure to deal with cardiovascular diseases (Barton et al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease in the form of myocardial infarction has become the principle cause of death in developed countries, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths (http://www.bhf.org.uk/). Congenital heart defects, which occur in nearly 14 of every 1000 new-born children, is another tragic fact that baffles medical industry (http://www.heart.org/). About 61 million Americans (almost one-fourth of the population) live with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, congenital cardiovascular defects, and congestive heart failure.

Cardiovascular disease has reportedly been the number one disease killer for men and women in the United States of America. Every one out of four deaths is caused by heart disease in the United States alone (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Heart disease refers to the different types of conditions and symptoms that can affect the one’s heart and its functions to the body (Mayo Clinic). Cardiovascular/Heart disease has many causes and conditions, prevention methods and symptoms, and treatment options.

In recent times, women have been increasingly more prone to heart related diseases. Even with campaigns that are run across internationally, there is a lack of realization by many people that the leading causes of deaths in women today are heart diseases. Often women are misdiagnosed by the healthcare providers and their symptoms are not recognized when they are having an acute cardiac arrest. According to statistics, every 30 seconds in the United States of America, a woman suffers from a heart attack (Health, 2013). Out of many types of heart diseases, the myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in women.

The article is reliable because Clever interviewed a St. Louis doctor, Dr. Ted E. Garrett, who is a cardiothoracic surgeon and knowledgeable on the topic of heart disease. Women and heart disease is a current topic because heart disease is the number one killer among women and it has been taken more seriously when women come into the hospital with symptoms than in the past. Many facts and statistics are used in the document, which appears to be accurate since this is a reliable source and information given from a cardiothoracic surgeon. The news article is researched based written by a news reporter who interviewed a well qualified doctor. The overall goal of the newspaper article is to inform those who think heart disease is a man’s disease and also teach the public more about heart

Women and heart disease. (2014, February 12). Retrieved February 10, 2016, from American Heart Association website: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Advocate/IssuesandCampaigns/QualityCare/Women-and-Heart-Disease_UCM_430484_Article.jsp#.VreQPlgrKUU

Heart disease claims the lives of more women than men each year, yet women only make up 25% of participants in heart-related research studies. While this is improving, women remain under-represented in many studies that have set the standard for detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Even though valuable information about heart disease has been gathered, the model of detecting cardiovascular disease has been based on and designed for men. Not all the data have been applicable to women so this is hard to narrow down (Women's Heart Center, 2017) (Disparities in Health Heart Disease in African American Women, 2017).

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as ischemic heart disease is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in Australia. While over 20,000 of deaths in 2011 were attributed to CHD, there were estimated 590,000 Australians 18 years old and above diagnosed with CHD in 2011-2012 (AIHWAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014; Craft, 2014, p. 596).

It is hard to believe that in a first world country women are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than men because clinical researchers tend to conduct more health studies on men and then release the research to the public claiming that the studies apply to both genders. Sadly, the problem of women not being equally represented as men in clinical studies is a reality in the United States of America and puts women at risk for their health; however the problem can be fixed by creating awareness, incorporating more females in health research, and creating a better, dedicated Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each of the three solutions is necessary as they would

Cardiovascular ailment (CVD) has long been viewed as an issue which essentially influences men in our general public; attention of the event of heart assaults in females, for instance, has been to a great extent a reconsideration. In the recent years, in any case, it has ended up progressively evident that this is not an issue constrained to guys, yet that it happens with extraordinary recurrence in ladies. We now realize that CVD is the reason for death more than any condition in ladies beyond 50

This is probably due to a long-held belief in the medical community that women didn’t experience heart attacks (Lear). Due to this misconception, there was minimal research done on women’s heart attacks. In fact, in 1996 a national survey discovered that two-thirds of doctors were completely unaware that men and women experienced different symptoms (Lear). When surveyed in a 2005 study, fewer than one in five doctors—primary care physicians, OB/GYNs, and cardiologists—were aware that more women than men died from cardiovascular disease (Mosca). There have been improvements in the representation of women in studies of cardiovascular health, since 1993 when The National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act required representation based on sex and race be proportional to the population. However, even since then most of the research from which proposals for diagnosing, treating, and even preventing cardiovascular disease had been concluded, the research was done on middle aged, white, males which leaves women and minorities grossly under represented (Lee). Even as the AHA warns us with advertisements about the prevalence of heart disease in women, a 2007 review of their prevention guidelines for women found that of the 156 randomized clinical trials cited, women made up an average of 30% of the subjects. To contrast this with the population, women make up about 50% of individuals with

Attention getter: Heart Disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. According to The Center for Disease Control (CDC), heart disease claimed more than 292,188 women’s’ lives in 2009, that’s 1 in every 4 female deaths. The National Coalition of Heart Disease states that “A woman dies every 34 seconds.”

Crimmins, Hayward, Ueda Saito and Kim in there journal article give statistical data on heart disease and death in both women and men (2008). This article states “37 percent of men and 27 percent of women over the age 65 report having a heart condition” (Crimmins et al., 2008). Crimmins research addresses the many differences in men with coronary artery disease compared to women with coronary artery disease. The study noted that men have a higher mortality rate from heart disease than do women (Crimmins et al., 2008). This article also notes that “40-50 percent of postmenopausal women will develop heart disease” (Crimmins et al., 2008). Crimmins and colleges noted men develop heart disease 5 to 10 years earlier in life than do women ( 2008). Evidence suggests that women who are hospitalized for cardiovascular issues are less likely to “receive certain types of drugs and diagnostic and treatment procedures” (Crimmins et al., 2008). Low socio-economic status and poor educational levels also have a marked effect on men and women’s knowledge of cardiovascular disease and the timing of when they seek treatment (Hemingway, 2007).

Heart disease is the leading cause of fatality in the United States accounting for 610,000 deaths each year or one in every four deaths (CDC, 2015). Even though cardiovascular disease affects men and women, it is more likely for women to pass away within the first year after a heart attack (The Gender, 2015). There are several different explanations proposed as to why this gender gap in longevity after a heart attack exists. The most common reason for the gender gap is a person’s genetic traits and lifestyle. In order to understand the risk factors for women, we must first understand what heart disease is. Then we can examine the risk factors of heart disease, the causes, and finally prevention and treatment.