Heart Disease : The Highest Leading Cause Death For Men And Women Within The United States

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, causing about 610,000 deaths yearly (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Cardiovascular disease is defined as a group of disorders damaging the heart and blood vessels, usually involving the blockage of vessels, which in turn harm the heart (WHO, 2015). A 2011 American Heart Association statement predicted that without intervention, 40% of United States adults will have at least one form of Cardiovascular disease by 2030. A large portion of these deaths by cardiovascular disease is due to the sedentary population. To better prevent cardiovascular disease, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee stated that adults should complete about 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity weekly (Barry, Blair, Church, Hooker, Sui, Warren, 2010). Research has shown that meeting these recommendations is linked with lower cardiovascular disease risk, as well as reduced risk of mortality. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that only about 20.3% of Americans meet these guidelines. These statistics show that the majority of the United States population does not get nearly the amount of physical activity they need. However, even though many people are not doing the recommended amount of physical activity, this may not mean that they are living a sedentary life. Living a sedentary lifestyle is

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. It is estimated that one in four women die from heart disease every year. Women are at a higher risk for heart disease than men because of a lack of knowledge and information. Women often feel the need to care for others before themselves and neglect their own health needs. As mothers, and sisters, and daughters it is important to protect our health for those that depend on us. Heart disease is preventable through knowledge and awareness and taking precautionary steps.

“You're more likely to have high cholesterol that can lead to heart disease if you have any of these risk factors such as smoking, obesity, large waist circumference, poor diet, lack of exercise and diabetes.” (Mayo Clinic Staff)

Cardiovascular disease is any disease that relates to structural compromises or an obstruction of the blood vessels. Two of the most common types of cardiovascular disease involve obstructions of the arteries or the thinning of the arteries causing an increase in blood pressure. According to the American Heart Association’s article, a 14 year study found that a body mass index of twenty three to twenty five showed an increase in coronary heart disease of fifty percent. Also men from the ages of forty to sixty five with a body mass index of twenty five to twenty nine showed an increase of seventy five percent in risk for coronary heart disease. With increased weight comes

The leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. Heart disease is classified as a chronic disease. Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions that can be controlled but not cured. Overall chronic diseases account for about 70% of deaths in the United States. The most common examples of chronic diseases include diabetes, heart disease, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and high blood pressure. Though chronic diseases are shown to be the major cause of death around the world, they can easily be prevented. One of the easiest ways to prevent majority of chronic diseases is to exercise (The Center for Managing Chronic Disease). By exercising at a minimum of 20 minutes a day at a moderate intensity people can reduce the risks of developing a chronic disease therefore increasing their life expectancy.

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and also one of the most preventable. In 2005, the total number of cardiovascular disease deaths had increased globally to 17.5 million from 14.4 million since 1990. Symptoms and triggers of this disease consist of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity. Over time, these risk factors cause changes in the heart and blood vessels that can lead to heart attacks, heart failure, and strokes. By 2013, 614,348 people died in the United States from heart disease, in my opinion that almost sounds like a pandemic.

Risk factors for heart disease cause problems because inevitably, they lead to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaques of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries ("What Is Cardiovascular Disease?” 2014). It develops for years without causing symptoms and it can happen in any part of the body. Around the heart, it is known as coronary artery disease because coronary arteries feed the heart muscle itself. Coronary heart disease symptoms include angina (dull/heavy sharp chest pain or discomfort), or pain in neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back. All of these symptoms and risks of cardiovascular disease may be the result of high cholesterol. Cholesterol is the macromolecule (fat/lipid) in our blood. Our bodies create all the cholesterol our cells need, but most of the time we get cholesterol from the foods that we eat as well.

Atherosclerotic disease is caused by lipid deposits that calcified and turns into plaque which buildup and stick in the arteries. The plaque can break and lead to serious problems such as heart attack, stroke, and possibly even death. Factors such as high cholesterol in the blood, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure all increases the risk for atherosclerotic complications. According to the American Heart Association (2017), the biggest contributor to heart disease is the lack of commitment to a heart healthy lifestyle. Therefore, lifestyle modifications such as healthy diet and exercise can play an important role in helping prevent cardiovascular disease.

The chemicals that tobacco consists of can damage your heart and blood vessels which leads to narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup. Plague is made of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin. Plaque usually affects large and medium-sized arteries. Plaques can grow large enough to significantly reduce the blood's flow through an artery. But most of the damage occurs when a plaque becomes fragile and ruptures. Plaques that rupture cause blood clots to form that can block blood flow or break off and travel to another part of the body. This is called an embolism. As stated by Mayo Clinic, “Exercising for about 30 minutes can reduce the risk of heart disease. Physical activity can help you control your weight and reduce your chances of developing other conditions that may put a strain on your heart, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes”. Exercising daily diminishes your chance of developing cardiovascular disease as well as other diseases. Just as Mayo Clinic stated, “Eating a heart healthy diet can reduce your risk of heart disease. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help protect your heart”. Eating beans, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean meats, and fish as part of a healthy diet. Limiting certain fats avoid saturated fat and trans fat you eat also is important as well as limiting the amount of salt and sugar you intake. Another major factor of preventing Cardiovascular disease is maintaining a healthy weight, stated by Mayo Clinic.” Excess weight can lead to conditions that increase your chances of heart disease; including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of fat around your abdomen, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and high triglycerides. One way to see if your weight is

important, heart disease remains the No. 1 killer of women, even young women.” After reading

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Heart tissue engineering holds a great promise for future heart disease therapy by building personalized heart tissues. Generating a bioengineered heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture and appropriate cellular constituents. We decellularized rat hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix (collagen, glycosaminoglycan and elastin content and fibronectin, collagen type II and laminin proteins) and produced decellularized, perusable vascular architecture and competent decellularized valves. Regarding unique effect of bFGF in proliferation and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells

Cardiovascular disease is a global health challenge that has affected developed and developing countries alike. It is the leading cause of mortality globally (WHO, 2014) and in the United States (CDC, 2014). It used to be prevalent in developed countries, however, changes in behavior and lifestyle patterns in developing countries has also caused an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. This is referred to by Walley & Wright (2010) as the epidemiologic transition. Cardiovascular diseases occur as a result of disorders of the heart and blood vessels (WHO, 2014). Various measures instituted by world bodies, governments, non-profit organizations and so many more, have been employed to tackle this chronic disease that is slowly ravaging the world. Results have been achieved, but there still remains a lot to be done, since cardiovascular diseases still remain the number one cause of morbidity (WHO, 2014).

     Smoking adds to the artery-clogged process. It is know that smoking is a contributing factor to CVD, but why? What does smoking actually do to help in CVD? First of all, smoking overworks the heart and reduces its oxygen supply. It also makes clots more likely to form in blood vessels and increases the risk of potentially fatal changes in the heartbeat (Better Health Channel, 2004). Other damages that smoking contributes to CVD is: Causes immediate and long term increases in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as changes the properties of blood vessels and blood cells—allowing cholesterol and other fatty substances to build up (Holy Name Health Manual).

It is commonly known that living a lifestyle with bad eating habits and lack of physical activity will eventually lead to an unhealthy heart. Other known causes aside from obesity may include, increased alcohol consumption, and smoking. These lead to the arteries in the heart to produce plaque which will stick to the walls of the arteries, and prevent a healthy blood flow to the brain and the rest of the body. According to Dhungana and Bista, roughly about 22% of people who are ages 18 years and over and is responsible for an estimated 9.4 million deaths per year globally (Dhungana, Bista, et al. 2016). The increase in high blood pressure in younger ages are increasing the rates of hypertension and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Smoking creates toxins in the blood. This greatly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty material is deposited along the walls of the arteries. This fatty material thickens, hardens, and can eventually block the arteries if not treated. Clots may also form around the plaque deposits. Smoking raises the levels of proteins that cause the blood to clot and also increases platelet production, making the blood stickier which further creates risk for clots. This also interferes with the blood flow and poses an added danger if they were to break off and travel through the body causeing assorted health problems such as heart attack, stroke, or gangrene.