Heart Disruption Report

The four chambers of the heart normally beat regularly, with the two uppermost chambers beating first, followed by the lower two chambers. The beats begins with the signal from an electrical impulse in the right atrium. During afib heart disease, the impulses don't travel through the heart in a regular fashion. Impulses fire rapidly, sometimes as fast as 300 to 600 beats per minute. The atrioventricular node limits these pulses, resulting in an afib heart rate that is 150 beats per minute or less.

In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node, also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. This delay is needed for the heart to beat properly. Without this delay the atria and ventricles would beat at the same time. The electrical signal then travels to the Bundle of His where it is split into the signals going to the right and left ventricle. The signal

Every beat you feel you heart make is one complete cycle of blood entering the heart and exiting the heart. The heart cycle breaks down into two main contractions. Atrial contraction of the heart forces blood from the vena cava and the pulmonary veins through the atrioventricular valves and into the left and right ventricles. During ventricular contraction the tricuspid and mitral valves close and the blood is forced out of the ventricles through the semilunar valves into the aortic and pulmonic arteries. The pulmonic arteries supply blood to the lungs for oxygenation while the aortic arteries circulate the already oxygenated blood from the lungs, to the rest of the body. Diastole is the period of relaxation when the blood fills the ventricles. Systole is the period of contraction that forces the blood out of the ventricles.

The inside of your heart is divided into four chambers. The two upper chambers of your heart are called atria. The atria receive and collect blood. The two lower chambers of your heart are called ventricles. The ventricles pump blood out of your heart into the circulatory system to other parts of your

In 2009, the American Heart Association scientific advisory concluded that obtaining at least five to ten percent of total caloric intake from ɳ-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) was associated with a thirteen percent lower risk of coronary risk (“Essential”). A 2011 analysis of seven-hundred showed supplementation with ɳ-3 fatty acids lowered blood levels of homocysteine, a byproduct of protein metabolism, which damages the epithelium and increases the risks of cognitive decline (Sears 51). Likewise, a 2012 meta-analysis of seven randomized control trials (RCTs) estimated that a ten percent reduction in coronary heart disease was linked to each five percent energy increase in PUFA consumption (“Essential”).

The human heart is a found within the chest cavity surrounded by the lungs. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart is a tenacious automated muscular unit that directs oxygenated blood through a sequence of four chambers. Inside these chambers there are four corresponding valves which permit blood to travel in the forward direction. On any given day the heart beats 100,000, and is capable of perfusing blood throughout the bodies’ 60,000 mile system of blood vessels (Christensen & Kockrow, 2011).

The myocardium contains the pacemaker cells that generate electrical impulses to create the heart’s movements. These impulses are triggered by action potentials in the pacemaker cells of the Sinoatrial Node. These are then transmitted to the atria and to the AV node. (Hull & Slegg, 2009)

(atrioventricular) node then stimulates the ventricles to contract which pumps blood out of the heart.

The heart is one of the strongest muscles in the body. According to Henry Gray's “Anatomy of the Human Body” (2015), the heart is roughly the size of a large fist and weighs between about 10 to 12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) in men and 8 to 10 ounces (230 to 280 grams) in women (Lewis, 2015). The human heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (the atria) and two lower ones (the ventricles). The heart's outer wall consists of three layers; epicardium (outermost wall), myocardium (middle wall), endocardium (inner layer). The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve make up the atrioventricular (AV) valves, which connect the atria and the ventricles (Lewis, 2015). The function of the heart is divided into two pathways: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery, then returns as oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein. The systemic circuit, delivers oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle to the aorta, and from there enters the arteries and capillaries where it supplies the body's tissues with oxygen. Then, deoxygenated blood returns through the veins to the venae cavae, re-entering the heart's right atrium to restart the

Cardiac muscle has short branching fibers, is striated, and functions involuntary allow for the contraction of the heart to pump blood throughout the body (Castillo, 2018). The conduction system of the heart includes the Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, left and right bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers and functions off of action potentials of nerve impulses. The Sinoatrial node is in the upper right atrium and is where the action potential begins and rhythm and pace of the heart is determined. The action potential will then travel to the Atrioventricular node in the lower right atrium where the impulse is delayed for a whole second so the left side of the heart can contract. After that the impulse travels to the Atrioventricular bundle, which connects the atria and ventricles. Once this is completed, the potential travels to the left and right bundle fibers that signal the septum and apex of the heart. Finally, the potential will reach the Purkinje fibers and stimulate the walls of both ventricles. This completes one cardiac cycle. A cardiac cycle is described as all the events associated with the blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat (McKinley, 2016). A heartbeat involves the contraction {systole} and relaxation {diastole} of the heart chambers. The most important driving force to continually move blood through the heart is the opening and closing of

SA node: The sinoatrial node is a section of nodal tissue located in the upper wall of the right atrium. Sets the rate of contraction for the heart. Spontaneously contracts and generates nerve impulses that travel throughout the heart wall causing both

The heart has distinguished components that allow the pathway of electrical conduction to travel through the heart in order to effectively pump blood through the body. The electrical impulse initiates in the Sinoatrial node (SA node), which is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the superior vena cava. It is also known as being the physiologic pacemaker of the heart and has an intrinsic firing rate of 60-100 impulses/min. From the SA node, the electrical impulse flows directly to the Atrioventricular node (AV node) with the guidance of intercalated discs and gap junctions. The AV node is located in the back section of the interatrial septum near the coronary sinus and tricuspid valve. Here, there is a delay of .1 seconds to allow the atria to contract and the ventricles to fill. In addition, this delay regulates the ventricles if there were an abnormal atrial rhythm. The AV node works as a secondary pacemaker if the SA is irregular, firing at 40-60 pulses/min. After leaving the AV node, the electrical impulse travels to the bundle of His. The bundle of His forms the only myocardial connection between the atria and ventricles. Additionally, the bundle of His divides the bundle branches into left and right and innervates the ventricles through Purkinje fibers.

The wave spreads through the atria before reaching the atrioventricular node, or AV node, located just above the right ventricle. The AV node focuses the wave into the ventricles, contracting the ventricles. Should the SA node fail, the AV node can take over as the primary pacemaker at a rate of forty to sixty beats per minute.

When exercising there is a great deal of pressure on the cardiovascular system (CVS) because the body is demanding it to do more than usual. During physical activity heart rate and blood pressure are increasing and to properly do these different types of activities the cardiac center needs to regulate both metabolic processes or else we would not be able to live. At these times of increased physical movement the body demands more oxygen to breath, oxygen for muscle use, and an increased amount of blood flow throughout the entire body. Perhaps the CVS was unable to detect and accommodate you when changing your body position the effect of gravity on the blood pressure and heart rate would cause you to collapse.

Dallas Albert Willard (1935-2013) was a longtime Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern California, an American philosopher, and a great contributor to the practical Christian theology, especially in the area of spiritual formation. In his books and other writings he was pointing out that “spiritual formation” should be a central theme of our Christian lives and communities. Across his various teachings he emphasized the four great questions that we as humans must answer: What is reality? What is the good life? Who is a good person? And, how do you become a good person? Through his life work he illustrated the answers and