Heart Failure: A Case Study

History: Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath ("dyspnea") upon exertion. She also noted that the typical swelling she's had in her ankles for years has started to get worse over the past two months, making it especially difficult to get her shoes on toward the end of the day. In the past week, she's had a decreased appetite, some nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

The stem cells were engineered from typical skin cells. This technique means that heart patients would not have to worry about rejection. Their new hearts would be made of their own cells.

Scientists have been using stem cells since their discovery to improve research and treatments. One type of organ improvement stem cells have played an important part in recently is the heart. There can now be a reduction in cardiovascular disease morbidity rates through the utilization of stem cells, and worrying about compatibility and time can become a thing of the past. Through the use of stem cells, repair, rehabilitation, and transplant can help or even cure myocardial necrosis.

Embryonic stem cells are repairing damaged tissues in the body. Scientists have find a way to replace damage hearts. The United States heart failure affects more than 400,000 people a year. With the use of stem cells can be used to reconstruct the heart

From the patients that were given the stem cell therapy; 3.4 percent died and 37.9 percent were hospitalized with cardiovascular problem. In comparison to the placebo in which 13.7 percent died and 49.0 were hospitalized with cardiovascular problems. Patients given stem cell therapy also on average had a longer amount of time until their first adverse event caused by their class III or class IV heart failure. Other measures of heart function and quality of life like walking, running, regular daily tasks, the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction proved that improvements were present in the group receiving Ixmyelocel-T compared to the placebo group not receiving

Millions suffer from many different diseases and problems. What if a cell can possibly fix it all? Scientists are believing that stem cells can be very helpful in the cure to many of these situations. Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, spinal cord injuries, and hundreds of other genetic disorders are thought to be cured by stem cells. After a heart attack, the

One of the major obstacles in progressing to large-scale clinical trials of cardiac stem cell therapy is the ongoing debate regarding the mechanism of action by which stem cell therapy leads to cardiac repair. The classic idea that provided the primary motivation for stem cell therapy is that delivery of the appropriate stem cells would repair a damaged heart via active myocardial regeneration resulting from transdifferentiation of the administered stem cells.19

When these problems occur in a person's lifetime, stem-cell based therapies can be an opportunity to solve these tragedies in life. Treatments are found in the branch of regenerative medicine and have just recently been successfully tested-the first bone-marrow cell transplantation was performed in the year 1957-on live patients with cancer. These therapies are discussed in further detail in the"IIV Stem Cell Transplantation" chapter.

Stem cells have emerged as one of the ways in which most diseases could be treated. Stem Cell therapy is defined as the use of stem cells to nurse or avert a disease (Siqueira, 50). Stem Cell therapy mostly utilizes bone marrow transplants but in the recent years, umbilical cord blood therapies have emerged. Research is currently ongoing to form various avenues for stem cells, and to make use of stem-cell therapeutics for conditions such as heart diseases and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes. In recent past, many people and organizations have accused Stem Cell therapy for not conforming to the virtues of human humanity mostly because of its contribution in human cloning and abortion debate. The main precepts of stem cell therapy

Heart attacks, patient that suffers from heart attack and severe heart damage, their stem cells may be used to replace damaged tissue by healthy new muscle cells. (Ian Murnahgan BSc (hons), 2016)

Lastly with patients with chronic heart failure, studies have shown donor heart stem cells being used to “reduce scar tissue, promote blood vessel growth, and improve heart functions ("Disease Programs"). All of the studies for the different patients and diseases, show that stem cells belong in the future of medicine and are rapidly changing the way that we see diseases and how to treat them. It eliminates many risky transplant procedures and attacks the illnesses at the root of the problem. The research shows that stem cells can cure diseases that doctors and scientists have spent years studying and racking their wise brains in hopes of finding a solution. Instead of using a medicine or drug, stem cells dig to the root of the problem and eliminate it from the start. Some people believe that it is unlawful and wrong to take away the genes or the traits that you were given when you were born. But what these people do not realize is that doctors are not changing the core personality of a person by using stem cells. They are not taking away what makes that person who they are. These patients are not defined by their diseases so doctors are treating a part of their body that is currently killing their very being. Scientists want be rid of what is taking over their life in order to save their future. Doctors are simply giving them their families, dreams, hopes and lives back.

Numerous studies had reported ischaemic heart disease to be the leading cause of years of life lost globally. These statistic showing epidemic rates of heart failure has motivated countless professionals in the field to find a way to decrease these numbers. One such person is Dr James Chong, a cardiologist and researcher at Sydney’s Westmead Hospital. In 2014, Dr Chong and his colleagues conducted a promising study on regenerating cardiac muscle cells, also known as cardiomyocytes that were killed in previous heart attacks by using stem cells to replace the damaged heart tissue.

This is important for nursing because these primitive stem cells could help to be an alternate therapy that can be used to help patients. The ability of having the heart to regrow could reduce the

The classic idea that provided the primary motivation for stem cell therapy is that delivery of the appropriate stem cells would repair a damaged heart via active myocardial regeneration resulting from transdifferentiation of the administered stem cells.19

Your heart is one of the most important organs in your body. However, there are certain things that can damage your heart and cause the heart muscle and tissue to die. Heart disease is one of the main causes. There are many different types of heart disease, but one that happens most often is coronary artery disease (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov). This happens when there is a block in the coronary arteries, which are spider leg-like blood vessels that cause the cardiac cells to quit receiving oxygen and nutrients and leads to a heart attack. For heart tissue to live, there needs to be oxygen in the blood stream, but when oxygen is not present, the heart tissue will die. Since heart disease kills more men and women than any other disease, people working in the field of regenerative medicine have been trying to find a way to repair or replace damaged tissue. At least two different paths of research are helping with these efforts. One of these research paths uses information we already know about stem cells outside of the organism and our understanding of gene expression in the body to help guide cells toward certain outcomes. The other path explains tissue regeneration by observing certain organisms that repair or regenerate damaged tissue naturally (Major, 1).