Cardiac Arrhythmias

The heart is basically a pump that has to circulate the blood around the body delivering oxygenated blood to our organs and then returning deoxygenated blood to our lungs. There are four chambers in the heart, two atria and two ventricles. There are four main valves, mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary7b.

The heart is a very strong muscle that has one major job. The heart’s job is to pump blood throughout the entire body. The heart is made up of 4 chambers, and 4 valves. There is the right and left atrium, and a right and left ventricle. The atriums are the superior chambers, and the ventricles are inferior chambers. The left ventricle is the most important, because that is where the blood travels through to go to the aorta, and eventually the rest of the body (Taylor 2015).

Mammals have four-chambered hearts and double circulation. The double-loop circulation is similar to amphibians and reptiles, but the oxygen-rich blood is completely separated from oxygen-poor blood. The left side of the heart handles only oxygenated blood, and the right side receives and pumps only deoxygenated blood. With no mixing of the two kinds of blood, and with a double circulation, delivery of oxygen to all parts of the body is enhanced. The gross anatomy of the human heart is the same as the sheep’s heart that was dissected. The heart is located, between the lungs, and behind the sternum. At least one blood vessel attaches to each of the chambers. It usually beats from 60 to 100 times per minute, but can go much faster when it needs to. It beats about 100,000 times a day, more than 30 million times per year, and about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime.

The heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body. The heart has four chambers and four valves and is connected to various blood vessels. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the body to the heart. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body.

A healthy heart pumps blood continuously through the circlutory system. It’s normal size is a little larger than a fist. The heart has four chambers, two on the right and two on the left. The two upper chambers are called the atria and the lower two are known as the ventricles. The right atrium takes in deoxygenated blood from the rest of body and sends it back out to the lungs through the right ventricle where the blood becomes oxygenated. Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then onto the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.

The heart is two sided and also has four chambers and it is mostly made up of muscle. The heart’s muscles are very different from many other muscles in the body because the heart’s muscles will not become tired, so the muscle is always expanding and contracting. The heart normally beats around sixty and one-hundred beats per minute. In the right side of the heart, there is a low pressure and its role is to send away red blood cells.

The heart the most important organ of the human body...it is can be found on the left-hand side of your chest under your rib cage. The most vital function of the heart is to pump blood through the body and to provide oxygen rich blood that helps us to live. The heart is made up of four different blood-filled areas or chambers... there are two chambers on each side of the heart. Let’s pretend that our heart is a two story building with two apartments on the bottom floor and two directly above on the top floor. The chambers on the top floor are the left and the right atrium the ones on the bottom floor are the left and the right ventricle...the chambers of the heart work together

Research: A normal resting heart rate varies from 60 to 100 beats per minute. A resting heart rate is a heart pumping the lowest amount of blood due to the lack of physical activity. A lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. A well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate closer to 40 beats per minute. To measure heart rate one has to check their pulse. They place the index and third finger on their neck to the side of your windpipe. They can also check the pulse on their wrist by placing two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery. Many factors can influence one's heart rate. For example of influences to one's heart rate: activity level, fitness

The results in the measurement of heart rate and other observations during different levels of exercise have many common trends. An example of these trends are how the average heart rate increases with the intensity, going from an average of 53 bpm during rest to a 64 bpm average during low intensity exercise, all the way up to an average of 92 bpm during high intensity exercise. Other observations include the increase of sweat and body temperature as the intensity of exercise increases, as well as the soreness in the legs (or the buildup of lactic acid) which also increases during the higher intensity exercises. These additional observations such as body temperature, lactic acid release and amount of sweat produced aren’t necessarily numerical

The average heart beat is around 60 to 100 times a minute in a full grown adult. If you have Bradycardia your heart beats even less than 60 a minute and in a really physically fit person the heart rate can go as low as 30 beats per minute and have no ill side effects, but if its occurs less healthy persons it can be a signal that something is wrong with the heart. Some of the symptoms can be loss of consciousness, heart failure, or even death. Sick sinus is a problem with the sinus node, or the hearts natural pacemaker. If the pacemaker is functional and working as it should bradycardia may be caused by scaring near the sinus node, which can mess with the movement of electrical impulses. Conduction block; a block of electrical path ways of the heart. This happens around the atrioventricular node, located on the pathways between the atria and the ventricles, or the block may be along the path way to other ventricals. When this occurs when this occurs electrical impulses between the lower and upper parts of the heart may be slowed or completely stopped, depending on the type of block and where it is. Sometimes other disorder, such as hypothyroidism causes bradycardia, treatment of the disorder may correct bradycardia. Some other treatments for other heart issues can some times be the cause of Bradycardia, in which case your doctor would review your

Bradycardia - a condition in which the heart beats too slowly, causing symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, fainting or in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. Bradycardia is usually caused by old age, or by conditions such as sick sinus syndrome (SSS), heart block, problems in the conduction pathways of the heart (electrical impulses are not conducted from the atria to the ventricles), metabolic problems such as hypothyroidism, and damage to the heart from heart attack or heart disease. Usually, the job of the pacemaker in situations like this is to speed up the heart rhythm.

The human heart has four chambers: two thin-walled atria, which receive blood, and two thick-walled ventricles, which pump blood. While veins carry blood into the atria, arteries carry blood away from ventricles. The atria and ventricles work collaboratively, alternating contraction and relaxation to pump blood through your heart. A human’s heartbeat is triggered by electrical impulses that travel down a specific pathway through the heart. The sinoatrial node, also know as the heart’s pacemaker, is a small bundle of specialized cells located in the right atrium, where the impulse starts. This electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes contraction. This forces blood into the ventricles. Therefore, the SA node sets the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat. The atrioventricular node is a cluster of cells between the atria and ventricles and acts as a gate that slows down the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles. This delay allows the atria to contract before the ventricles do. The His-Purkinje Network is a pathway of fibers that send impulses to the muscular walls of the ventricles and cause them to contract. This again, forces blood out of the heart to the lungs and body. Then the SA node fires another

I'm witting my paper on what an Arrhythmia is. It's a sometimes fatal condition that affects the cardiac muscle, the heart. Arrhythmia's are identified according to two factors. Firstly, where they originate, the artria or ventricals. And secondly, they are classified on whether the heart is beating too slow; Bradycardia, or too fast; trachycardia. A high or slow heart beats does not always necessarily mean there is heart disease though. The heart rate increases during exercise, of course this is normal. Sometimes a really fit athlete can have a resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute and for them that will be normal. Things like alcohol abuse, diabetes, drug abuse, excessive coffee consumption, heart disease, hypertension

* Heating of the “ostial part of a great vein”, for example termination of the vena cava superior causes acceleration in the rhythm of the whole heart

The cardiac cycle is associated with the blood flow through the heart (Saladin, 2015). The heart rate is a term describing the regularity of the cardiac cycle (Marieb,2007). The heart rate is the amount of times it contracts or also known as beats in a unit of time, nearly always per minute. The normal pulse rate for healthy adults ranges from 60-100 bpm(beats per minute), approximately the adult heart rate regulates 75 bpm but this varies from person to person (Saladin, 2015). The heart rate generally slows down through childhood, as you develop (MacGill, 2015). Abnormal heart rates have medical names and harmless for some (MacGill, 2015). Tachycardia refers to the heart beating too fast at rest being over 100 beats per minute and Bradycardia refers to the heart beating too slow, usually below 60 beats per minute ( MacGill, 2015). The nervous system monitors the body and signals your heart to beat faster in response to increased activity. The normal heart rate undergoes healthy variation, going up in response to some conditions, including exercise, body temperature, body position, and emotion (MacGill, 2015). The blood is rushing around the heart to get rid of deoxygenated blood and carries back oxygenated blood from the lungs (Saladin, 2015) Sounds heard in the cardiovascular system result from the turbulent blood flow (Marieb, 2007). Two sounds can be heard during each cardiac cycle; these sounds are commonly known as "lub" and "dub". The sequence is