Heart of Darkness Essay

Throughout the first two parts of Joseph Conrad's book, Heart of Darkness, the character Kurtz is built up to be this amazing and remarkable man. In the third book, however, we learn the truth about who Kurtz really is. Kurtz cries out in a whisper, "The horror! The horror!"(p. 86), and in only two words he manages to sum up the realization of all the horrors of his life during his time in the Congo.

Although Kurtz was alone, that loneliness helped him in the end. Through isolation, Kurtz was able to see who he really was. The main place where Kurtz finds himself is on his deathbed. Marlow says, ‘"But the wilderness had found him out early, and had taken on him a terrible vengeance for the fantastic invasion. I think it had whispered to him things about himself which he did not know, things of which he had no conception till he took counsel with this great solitude-and the whisper had proved irresistibly fascinating’"(Conrad 57). Marlow is saying that since Kurtz has been in the wilderness,

The novel, Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, portrays a dark and somber theme throughout the entirety of the book. Even in the end, the darkness is still there. But even so, the end is difficult to understand. The ending is very vague on certain perspectives. Conrad intentionally does this, not to detract from the rest of the novel, but to sum the entirety of his main point up.

Originally Kurtz had good intentions in journeying to the Congo. He honestly believed in using the ivory trade to better the social and economic aspects of the region, while simultaneously helping the natives to become civilized and part of the world which he thought was superior. Kurtz is only able to impress his own beliefs and ideals upon society and therefore help it however, by taking control of the people of the society. He establishes this control in the

Kurtz’s lack of restraint and hunger for ivory consumes not only his soul but drains all of his physical existence. Upon seeing him, Marlow states, “I could see the cage of his ribs all astir, the bones of his arm waving (126)”. Conrad focuses on the physical features of Kurtz to display the madness that has consumed him. However, though Kurtz’s body is deteriorating, Kurtz’s mind continues to thrive. Conrad shows this in Marlow’s shock of witnessing a flame of passion that remains in Kurtz’s eyes as he converses without signs of exhaustion (126). Conrad continues to describe Kurtz as a shadow composed of tranquility and satisfaction. Conrad’s incorporation of this detail signifies the evil and greed that consumes Kurtz and is reflected through his physique. However, the power of Kurtz’s presence is personified through the action of his words. As the strength in his voice captures Marlow’s attention, it merely reflects his influence upon his followers. The power reflected through his voice displayed his confidence as well as his position as a leader for the natives. Hi demeanor displays an air of arrogance that makes others feel less equal to him. Those who follow him fear him, but also continue to respect him.

Darkness is a major theme in The Heart of Darkness. Kurtz is unaware of his own darkness which leads to his downfall. He cannot see what kind of person he has become and how the darkness of the jungle has completely taken over him. The jungle is so secluded and mysterious that it actually influences Kurtz’s bad behavior. Kurtz becomes greedy and powerful but never realizes that this behavior is bringing him down until he is on the verge of death. Kurtz last words, “The horror! The horror!”(63) show Kurtz’s realization that the darkness had consumed him. Kurtz himself is one of the biggest examples of darkness in this book.

In the beginning we learn that Kurtz was a pragmatic man with philanthropic ideals and the desire to improve upon society, "Each station should be like a beacon on the road towards better things, a center for trade, but also, for humanizing, improving, instructing" (Conrad 42). This doesn’t differ much from what he desired in the end the only thing that changed was his methods and the shifting of his morals. What changed was what he was willing to do to make a difference. His morals may have changed as a result of his exposure to the native cannibals and the jungle. As previously stated Kurtz was like a chameleon so when he was introduced to the natives he blended himself into their culture and reacted accordingly in a way that garnered their

     The film also depicts the character of Kurtz in a very different light. Conrad builds up the appearance of Kurtz so much that his first scene is intentionally anti-climactic. He is discovered to be an ailing, elderly gentlemen, malnourished and on the verge of death. Marlow himself is simultaneously impressed with and disappointed by Kurtz. He enjoys listening to the old man’s philosophies, but he is let down by Kurtz’s lack of realistic thinking. He has clearly lost his mind, and with it, some of his credibility and mysticism.

Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept as his own, and that he had no restraint, and was  " a tree swayed by the wind” (Conrad, 209). Marlow mentions the human heads displayed on posts that “showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts” (Conrad, 220). Conrad also tells us "his... nerves went wrong, and caused him to preside at certain midnight dances ending with unspeakable rights, which... were offered up to him” (Conrad, 208), meaning that Kurtz went insane and allowed himself to be worshipped as a god. It appears that while Kurtz had been isolated from his culture, he had become corrupted by this violent native culture, and allowed his evil side to control him.

When it comes to the topic of what the darkness represents in Joseph Conrad’s piece, “Heart of Darkness”, it seems to manifest itself as immoral circumstances. This story follows Marlow, an Englishman wanting to explore The Congo River while working for “the Company”, an ivory trade business (680). In his time there he searches for and meets Kurtz, a man who has an astonishing reputation as a very successful ivory tradesman. The greed, slavery, violence, and absurd gratification of power throughout this novel show the incompatibly of the Good Life, a life filled with reflection and realizing that happiness and knowledge are derived from being virtuous. Socrates states in “Apology” that, “The unexamined life isn’t worth living,” (38a). This quote portrays that a life filled with ignorance, materialism, or dominance over others is pointless and irreconcilable with the Good Life. In the “Apology”, Socrates is on trial

As a result of this, Kurtz’s biggest fear was being powerless to the natives, leading him to act in inhumane ways as he did not want to become the inferior. This fear can be seen at the end when Kurtz exclaims to “exterminate all brutes” since the natives were unable to change to what he wanted, instead he was the one who became inferior. (Conrad 2009). The idea of the natives not viewing him powerful enough to follow his orders enraged him so much he wanted them all dead even while he was dying. This anger is expressed through why Conrad complex language and syntax for example, “exterminate” rather just “kill” as it illustrates the hatred and frustration he has towards the natives since he has now been a victim of his biggest fear. Conrad explains how we naturally fear being powerless considering society has taught us that being powerless and vulnerable will not keep us alive. Additionally, no matter what, we must stay true to ourselves and values. This is exactly what Kurtz did, he wanted to maintain his unchecked power until he died, but rather this being his individual decision, and it was a decision instilled in him that relates back to Conrad’s proposition that our family creates a sense power within us while we are young. We are all given a rank of superiority through

While some of the European men that Marlow meets early on are resentful and jealous of Kurtz’s success, most of the people Marlow meets appear to be beguiled and completely devoted to Mr. Kurtz. This inevitably lead to Kurtz himself believing he was some sort of god, who was entitled to do whatever he pleased (since his actions would not be accounted the same way the acts of other humans would). As literature professor Mariana Torgovnick writes in her article ‘Primitivism and the African Woman in Heart of Darkness’, “Kurtz has allowed himself to be worshipped by his African followers. As a fantasy, this idea of the cream always rising to the top is perfectly acceptable, [...] Kurtz’s mistake has been only going too far in making the fantasy a lived fact, loosening the “restraint” Marlow finds necessary in all things.” By believing this fantasy that he is divine to be real, Kurtz loses his restraint and commits all sorts of horrible things. Nevertheless, his sickness and death suddenly remind him of his own mortality, that he is not, in fact, the god he believed himself to be. This realization leads to his understanding that he will have to account to all the horrible, violent and unscrupulous things he did: the cheating, the violence, the murders. This realization, that he is as mortal as everyone else, and responsible for all his actions, is to Kurtz “The

Joseph Conrad published his novel, Heart of Darkness, in 1902, during the height of European Colonization in Africa. The novel follows Marlow, a sailor, on his journey deeper and deeper into the Congo on a mission to bring the mysterious ivory trader, Kurtz, back to “civilization”. Both the topic and language of the novel elicit debate over whether or not the text is inherently racist, and specifically, whether or not the novel supports certain historical texts from around the same time period. Around 1830, G.W.F Hegel published an essay entitled “The African Character.” Hegel’s essay illustrates racial essentialism, the idea that there are certain traits that are essential to the identity of one group, or race, Hegel presents what he deems

Spending so much time in the savage jungle dehumanized Kurtz. He lost sight of the thin line between goodness and corruption, as did many others before him. Kurtz ended up raiding the country on his frequent ivory expeditions. He had a tendency to become cruel, once even threatening to kill his friend, the Russian. This makes the reader

 Marlow's journey leads him in an urgent search for Kurtz, the one man who can provide him with the truth about himself. Like Marlow, Kurtz came to the Congo in hopes to bring "light" and civilization to a backwards society. He is a highly-educated, refined gentlemen; yet, in the end, the brutal nature of the Congo forces him to resort to the life of a murderer and pilferer. The name Kurtz itself has symbolic meaning. "The physical shortness in Kurtz implies a shortness of character and spirit" (Heart of Darkness: A systematic evaluation). Marlow and Kurtz both symbolize the two conditions of human nature. "Kurtz represents what man could become if left to his own intrinsic devices outside protective society. Marlow represents a pure untainted civilized soul who has not been drawn to savagery by a dark, alienated jungle." (Heart of Darkness: A systematic evaluation). When the two come face to face, each man sees a reflection of what he might have become in the other. In Kurtz, Marlow sees the potential