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Helen Longino Summary

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Helen Longino sees science as being highly subjective, even though it is based on a premise of objectivity and empiricism. Longino sees the scientist’s initial personal biases that guide them toward forming or discovering a certain hypothesis as being balanced out by the scientific method, and other scientists, with their own biases, who will be involved in the testing of the hypothesis. Longino essentially sees this collective subjectivity as creating an overall objective standard, and this community involvement essentially mitigates the initial individualized subjectivity leading to the hypothesis. Longino views these personal biases on a group level as balancing to one another, for instance, a science experiment by a god believer may have

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