Helen Longino Summary

As per research ‘gender’ provides a perspective from which one could examine the biases that exist in the larger society. Some believe that to arrive at a more eloquent understanding of the problems of women in science , one should begin by asking what is the nature of science space that leads to under-representation and marginalisation of women rather than questioning the situation of a woman’s life that makes it difficult for her to pursue science.

In his book The Great Influenza, author John M. Barry writes about his opinion on the characteristics of scientists and their research. He believes that science is full of uncertainty and scientists must be able to deal comfortably with the unknown, as well as the fact that scientists must be creative and accept that their own beliefs can be easily broken by their own research. He accomplishes this by utilizing rhetorical strategies such as allusions, references to relatable examples, and a “matter of fact”, harsh tone.

It is science after all it cannot just be an idea, he must produce multiple studies at different locations by different credible scientists before she has a fighting chance of being found valid.

In conclusion, my overall claim would be that science, religion, and society are constantly pinned against each other when it comes to certain matters. My evidence provides support as to why my claim is

Faith Matters. (2010, April 02). Scholar says that religion and Science can coexist. Lab Activity: Chapter1. Podcast retrieved from

Jane long was born in maryland on july 23, 1798. She was very young when her dad died her dad passed when she was barely one. It was not long after that her and her mother moved to mississippi. That following year she went to live with her older sister.

The author of this article, Brynn Tannehill, very clearly supports the transgender movement. In repeated statements, Tannehill speaks of injustice toward those who are suffering from gender dysphoria whose only effective treatment (gender transition) is being taken from them in the Family Research Council’s attempt to “legislate transgender people out of existence by making the legal, medical, and social climate too hostile for anyone to transition in” by proposing a five step plan (spelled out in the article).

Helen Samuelson who currently resides at Heritage Healthcare in west Lafayette had family, friends and nurses come togerother for a joyful celabration.

Fisher, incorporates experiments of her own rather that professional evidence to support her

After watching video and reading the introduction part and chapter one, from Loewen’s book I still did not understand why the leader of country do wrong things. Why leader of the country judge the people’s culture, behavior, religion and dominate them? Discrimination between culture, religion and racist effect the county. From this chapter, I like story of Helen Keller’s life. Some say she is blind and deaf, some says she was unruly, she did not had manners, but actually, she was a radical socialist. The story of Wilson also very interesting. Latin American’s are also known as Russian because of Wilson’s Invasions. Textbook authors use other sources to explain about country and people. Some books mention Wilson’s black mark on his presidency

Judith Jarvis Thompson criticizes the fetus being a human. To prove her point, Thompson plays along with it, but then uses the acorn as an oak tree argument to prove the point that a fetus is not a human being. Thompson then grants it again, saying that the fetus at ten weeks, looks alike a human, but then mentions again that an acorn is not a oak tree. Thompson then grants that the fetus has a right to life, and uses the violinist story. The story goes as follows, a famous violinist has kidney disease, and they really need him to perform. Person A is kidnapped, and is the only person that can help the violinist. Person A wakes up hooked up to the violinist. Thompson's point is comparing the kidnapping to a woman who doesn't want to continue

minus the fellow scientist Bishop talked about are close-minded to any and every thought that science has been or could be helpful. I do believe that this approach can lead to a negative outcome, but it makes Bishops argument superior to the conflicting one. There is a chance that the audience will do more research, and that they will change their views, but from the position Bishop chose the amount of room for argument is a small portion because he addressed the argument brought to him so thoroughly. Although, I put my trust into Bishop’s argument and have faith in the credit he presented in the author’s note mainly because of his calm, compassionate, and factual based article. Also, I found no error or hesitation in his writing that would

In “Modest_Witness@Second_Millenium,” Donna Haraway profiles the “modest witness” of science, a self-invisible inhabitant of an unmarked category who is authorized to establish universal facts about the world without his own embodiment clouding or biasing the world’s objective (i.e., seen as the same from all perspectives) truth. “His subjectivity is his objectivity” (24). Historically, his objectivity has been contrasted with the subjectivity and “special interests” of women and people of color, among other marginalized groups. Thus, they have always been excluded from science and used as determinants of what

Science should be judged by logic, and should be as value-free as possible. The ultimate goal of science is to produce knowledge, regardless of politics, morals, values, etc. (Phillips, 1983).

Feminist interaction with the philosophy of science, and in particular a feminist interpretation of epistemology, concerns the extent to which bias influences and shapes knowledge within the scientific community, and means to rectify this. There are three main distinctions of feminist philosophy of science - feminist empiricism, standpoint theory, and postmodernism. I am to be comparing and contrasting two of the three, specifically feminist standpoint theory and empiricism. I shall argue that standpoint theory and empiricism are both legitimate methods for feminist epistemology, yet standpoint theory is a more applicable and plausible method for the analysis of science in particular. I will first explain the main tenets of the feminist philosophy of science, going on to then explain reasons why standpoint theory and postmodernism are legitimate tools of analysis in their own right, and then evaluate their legitimacy.