Helicobacter Pylori: A Case Study

The history of Helicobacter pylori goes back to 1875 when German scientists found the spiral shaped bacteria in the stomach linings of patients (“Helicobacter Pylori,” Wikipedia). However, Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, was officially discovered in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren when they ended up leaving petri dishes incubating over Easter weekend (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). After returning to the petri dishes after five days they discovered they had unintentionally successfully cultured the bacteria and were finally able to visualize it (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Until 1989, Helicobacter pylori was called Campylobacter pylori (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). However further research done in 1989

Background: Clinical outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection may be associated with specific vacA s1 subtypes.

It is important to note that duodenal and gastric ulcers reoccur in up to 80% of patient treated with drugs to reduce gastric acid but, not treated to reduce or eradicate the H pylori infection (Woo & Robinson, 2015). In the case of Mr. TJ, there is a possibility that the H pylori infection was not completely eradicated. In the treatment of PUD, the goals include eradication of H pylori which can be achieved by a triple or quadruple drug regimen that combines bismuth subsalicylate and antimicrobial therapy. The antimicrobials usually used for the treatment of H. pylori include clarithromycin, tetracycline, Amoxicillin, levofloxacin and metronidazole. Other goals of therapy are the prevention of relapse, reduction of symptoms, prevention of

The first-step in the five-step nursing process, the assessment, allows nurses to assess their patients and determine their need for nursing care. This step focuses on collecting all patient information and data. The RN must collect and validate this data and information to form a plan of holistic care with diagnosis, interventions, and outcome expectancies for each individual patient. This information must include any and all past medical history. A thorough assessment of the patient is vital, along with reviewing the patient’s medical records. If the patient is unable to provide this information then often a family member or medical power of attorney will be consulted. Next the second-step, the analysis or diagnosing stage, focuses on prioritizing a list of all nursing diagnoses relevant to the patient. This includes identifying the patient strengths and weaknesses, and validating all nursing diagnoses that apply. To show an example, for a patient with a pressure ulcer, the RN would list impaired tissue integrity as one of the nursing diagnoses. In the third-step, planning, the focus is for the RN to develop expected measurable patient goals or outcomes that relate to the current nursing diagnosis applied. The plan must be a comprehensive, individualized, and up to-date-plan of care that specifies patient outcomes and nursing orders for each nursing diagnosis which is developed with the

Prior to the isolation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori} by Robin Warren and Barry Marshall in 1982, it was theorized that peptic ulceration, an ailment first described in 1857 by William Brinton, stemmed from poor diet, tobacco use, and stress due to the failure to definitively identify a causative agent as well as the belief that the inhospitable environment within the human stomach resulted in its sterility (Tanenbaum 2005). Because physicians were ignorant to the existence of H. pylori, individuals suffering from peptic ulcerations underwent ineffective treatments for over a century. The successful isolation of H. pylori and identification of its role in gastric diseases earned Warren and Marshall a joint Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2005 (The Nobel Prize 2005). Despite the passage of thirty-two years, modern medicine has been unable to definitively eradicate H. pylori, but research continues in hopes of developing a more permanent cure as well as effective methods of preventing initial peptic ulceration, as occurrence is linked to an increased risk of developing gastric carcinomas.

Question #1: What are your initial observation of the patient? Include name, age, marital status, profession, behavior, etc.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which was discovered in 1983 and is a spiral-shaped bacterium that is found in the gastric mucous layer or adherent to the epithelial lining of the stomach (B. J. Marshall & Warren, 1984). The infection of H. pylori is a common and significant public health problem. It affects more than half of the adult population worldwide (Parkin, 2004). In most individuals, H. pylori infection can be asymptomatic throughout life. However, its persistence may cause chronic gastric inflammation and tissue damage, leading to even more severe gastric diseases. Approximately 20% of infected subjects will develop severe gastric diseases such as peptic ulcers, gastric

Helicobacter pylori is found commonly in the mucosal lining of the stomach and the duodenum without penetrating epithelium because its adaptability to the highly acidic and low pH environment. However, occasional or persistent presence has been suggested, (Figure 2) H.pylori DNA was successfully isolated from other locations in the body, such as atherosclerotic plaques and oral cavity, which is not surely confirmed whether its presence due to true colonization for those sites or due to traveling of H.pylori to distant sites as a result of body pathophysiological mechanism. For instance, the phagocytized H.pylori from stomach being transported on macrophages through blood to the atherosclerotic plaques and oral presence as a result of gastric reflux. Other evidences suggesting the presence of Evidence of H. pylori colonization has also been found in the gallbladder, ears, nose, skin, and even eyes.

o Patients have a recent history of hospitalization, residing in a long-term care facility or receiving outpatient care in a hospital or clinic setting

You bring a very important component in treatment - teaching. There is quite a lot that this patient can bebefit to include, proper sanitatation, nutrition, exercises to reduce weight, wound care, specific medication dosage and side effects monitoring, diabetes management among others. It will be important for the nurse to prioritise what to start with and present all information to the level of patient understanding.Good post

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium responsible for worldwide chronic bacterial infection in human. At least half of the world’s population host H. pylori that causes various gastric pathological outcomes with some leading to gastric cancer. The infection by this bacterium has directly or indirectly caused an impact on economic and general well-being of the people; hence, there is an urgent need to discover diagnostic markers that could be utilized for future development of diagnostic kits that are highly sensitive and specific. Here, we briefly review general aspects of H. pylori infection and the diagnostic biomarkers currently used in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection with a focus on the role of microfluidic

1. When a nurse performs a physical examination on a newborn, which of the following nursing assessments should be reported to the physician?

Since my learners will primarily young adults, they will need to fine tune their hygiene skills and patient etiquette. Assuming desired behaviors can be learned, I would show my learner a video on hygiene skills including washing your hands, sneezing or coughing into your elbow, and avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. I would discuss why it is important these techniques are effective at reducing illnesses and improving overall health. After, I would have my learners simulate and practice these skills so they’re proactive and conscious of their actions. Moreover, I would teach my learners patient etiquette by illustrating the traffic within a hospital and physician’s office setting. This allows the learners to be conscious and aware

Before any teaching plan can be design to the patient and family members who may be part of the learning process the RN must begins with the basic of the teaching process an assessment. The assess would not only reveal the level of the understanding of the patient and her or his diagnosis, the treatment regimen, or plan of treatment, medications administration, desired effects as well as adverse effect, signs and symptoms to report to care providers, parameters to be monitor and interventions, but a god assessment would also identified the potential learner or learners best learning methods. Finding the learner or learners best methods of learning the materials can help increased the effectiveness of the teaching, can help motivate the

patients nursing care. In order to be successful in each patient’s nursing care the nurse must get