Helium Impact

Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen; however, it is rare on earth, primarily found mixed with natural gas trapped in underground pockets. Once helium is released it is so light it escapes the earth's atmosphere and cannot be recovered. At sea level, helium occurs in the atmosphere in the proportion of 5.4 parts per million. The proportion increases slightly at higher altitudes. About 1 part per million of atmospheric helium consists of helium-3, now thought to be a product of the decay of tritium, a radioactive hydrogen isotope of mass 3. The common helium isotope, helium-4, probably comes from radioactive alpha emitters in rocks. Natural gas, which contains an average of 0.4 percent helium, is the major commercial source of helium. By far the largest users of helium are agencies of the United States government.

Helium is rare because there are no biosynthetic ways of making it, and all the helium that we currently have in the world is a result of the decaying uranium and thorium

chemical element here on our own planet Earth. Though it is a rare, unreactive noble gas,

Helium is a lighter than air gas. It has a 4.00260 atomic mass while air or oxygen has a 15.9994 atomic mass . According to Jefferson Lab editor Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility “Helium, the second most abundant element in the universe, was discovered on the sun before it was found on the earth.” (2017,[online]). Oxygen is one of the most common gas and every living thing needs it to live. “Oxygen is written as

All in all, Jupiter is a very big planet and has a lot of mysteries to uncover about the red dot, it's moons, and its core. Scientists and astronomers are learning more about Jupiter to this day. Now when you see Jupiter in the sky or in a picture you will know a lot about it, but you are going to need a

Scientists at the Join Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California discovered element 117 or, tennessine, in 2010. With an atomic mass/weight of 294 making it the second heaviest element known to mankind behind element 118 or, Oganesson. Before being named tennessine by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 2016, tennessine had the place holder name of ununseptium, which means one-one-seven in Latin. Tennessine was created by fusing berkelium-249 atoms with calcium ions until tennessine atoms formed. Since tennessine is radioactive, it has zero stable isotopes. Tennessine’s most stable isotope, however, is tennessine, which has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. Only six atoms of tennessine have been artificially created to this day.

Before history was recorded humans had knowledge of certain elements including gold (Au), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). Nevertheless, it wasn’t until the year of 1669 that Hennig Brand discovered the very first element – Phosphorous (P) – through scientific inquiry. Hennig Brand discovered phosphorous through extracting it from urine. Due to the element having the ability to grow in the dark it was referred to as “light bearer”. In 1980 English chemist Robert Boyle discovered phosphorous independently, following Hennig Brand keeping the process of his discovery secret.

The raw material are rare to be found on earth which has rich in helium-3 that is mostly used for electronics, nuclear-fusion research and constructing solar panels.

Though there are over a hundred different elements, each one is unique in its complexity and properties. Helium has an atomic Number of two, that’s how you can tell it it has two positively charged atoms, or ‘protons’, in

The fourth most abundant and by far one of the most interesting elements, Neon, is definitely unique. The tenth element on the periodic table is known as a noble gas, with the symbol ‘Ne’. This element has a density of 0.0008999 g/cubic meter, a boiling point of -246.08 degrees Celsius, three natural isotopes, an atomic mass of 20.179, and a melting point of -248.59 degrees Celsius. It’s atomic number is ten, and its atomic mass is 20.179.

The placement of hydrogen and helium on the Periodic Table causes many of the mistakes, anomalies and exceptions in the rules it follows. First, hydrogen is a non-metal, but it is placed on the metal side due to its atomic number and because it only has one valence electron. Placing the element in the middle of the table keeps hydrogen from being falsely labeled as an alkali metal and keeps it from being classified as a metal since it isn’t identified with a specific column or group. Secondly, helium is a noble gas, but it has two valence electrons, which means it should be in group two. However, it is a non-metal so putting it in group two would also be inaccurate. To fix this, we also put helium in the center and used color coding to match

When scientists call Jupiter a gas giant, they are not overstating. If you parachuted into Jupiter hoping to hit the ground, you would never find firm landing. The gases pile on top of one another, creating layers that extend downward. Because there is no solid ground, the surface of Jupiter is described as the point where the atmospheric pressure is equal to that of Earth. At this point, the pull of gravity is almost two and a half times stronger than it is on our planet.

Helium makes up about Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It was discovered on the sun before it was found on earth. In 1868 a french astronomer, Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen noticed a yellow line in the sun’s spectrum while studying a total solar eclipse. With a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers Norman Lockyer realized that this line could not be produced by any element at the time. It was hypothesized that the sun was responsible for this mysterious yellow emission. Lockyer named the unknown element helium.

Since the wavelength of the light in an atom can determine the identity of an element, this explains the reason on how helium was discovered. A French Astronaut, Pierre-Jules-César Janssen, noticed that there was a yellow line in the sun’s spectrum so Janssen decided to conduct some research in order to explain why the line existed. After years of thorough research, Janssen found out that the spectrum had a wavelength of 587.49nm. However, there was no element on Earth during that time that had that wavelength, so it was concluded that this element was a new element that had just been discovered. The reason why helium was discovered in the sun first was because since helium was a noble gas, it was stable so it did not react with any other elements. Therefore, the scientists had no way of discovering the element until the yellow line in the sun’s spectrum appeared.

Hydrogen-3 is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Tritium was first discovered, unintentionally, in 1934 by Physicist Ernest Rutherford, M.L. Oliphant and Paul Harteck. It was unintentional, as they had not expected tritium to be made by a mixture of deuterium and high-energy deuterons. Deuterons are the nuclei of deuterium atoms, and deuterium is the second isotope of hydrogen. Unfortunately, Rutherford was unable to isolate the matter and the position was later passed onto to Luis Alvarez and Robert Cornog. Hydrogen-3, can either be artificially or naturally made, however it is very rare to be made naturally. Since 1934, approximately 220 kilograms of tritium has been produced only, in the United States of America, however due to the