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Issuing additional debt to finance the company expansion would worsen the company’s debt ratio as it is already more than average. The company envisions to be profitable by raising capital from existing stockholders by issuing common stock through rights offering.

Management considering share repurchase program should weigh its benefit of financial discipline, efficient corporate strategy implementation and utilization of tax shield against the downside of cost of financial distress. It’s not the possibility of bankruptcy that causes concerns among equity holders regarding extent of leverage but the direct costs (legal, liquidation, administrative etc.) and indirect costs (deteriorated corporate image, management time and attention, agency costs of value-destructing investment, distress asset sales etc.). Exhibit 4 lists the key assumption inputs of approximating quantitative firm value/ equity value accretion. Levering UST to a larger extent by adding $1,000m does increase firm value.

similar to that of share buyback, the number of new shares outstanding will reduce; thus,

* $75M is deducted from equity through the creation of treasury stock, which is a contra-equity account.

a) How many shares will the firm have to issue, assuming they issue the new shares at the current price per share?

- A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $1,200 and other assets of $10,800. Equity is worth $12,000. The firm has 750 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $775. What will the new earnings per share be if the firm uses its excess cash to complete a stock repurchase?

If BBBY were to use $400 million in excess cash and $636.3 million in borrowed funds to repurchase it's shares they would increase their basic earnings per share from 1.35 to 1.41 and their diluted earnings per share from 1.31 to 1.37. If BBBY were to use $400 million in excess cash, and borrow $1.27 billion to repurchase their shares, the increase of the basic earnings per share would only be 0.3 while the difference from zero debt to

Shareholder’s equity would be lower than that shown in 1982 ($318,000) because the company has to pay off interest and principal for many loans. There will be little money left for shareholder’s equity.

Aside from the two aforementioned proposals the company can raise its leverage in other ways. By conducting DuPont analysis and understanding operating leverage we see that purchasing fixed assets and decreasing stockholder’s equity will raise the equity multiplier and the firm’s operating leverage. In this instance we recommend against this approach as the firm already has a large amount of excess cash above what they require to fund new positive NPV projects and purchase new assets. Investors would rather see their capital returned to them in the form of share repurchases and dividends as it is evident by the company’s cash stockpile that they can

Repurchasing shares with a 40% debt to total capital ratio would increase shareholder value, however repurchasing shares with an 80% debt to total capital ratio would significantly decrease shareholder value and therefore would not be advisable. Increasing debt increases shareholder value to a certain point. As this proforma shows, the point of diminishing return is somewhere between 40% and 80%.

23) Danroy Inc has announced a $5 dividend. If Danroy's last price while trading cum-dividend is $65, what should its first ex-dividend price be (assuming perfect capital markets)?

Since firms incur the re-purchase option by offering $20 cash for each stock bought back, the number of outstanding shares will be reduced. The Earnings per share will increase leading to an increased stock price.

The number of shares outstanding will remain the same and thus, the only change in the equity side of the balance sheets for the next three years will be the change in the amount of retained earnings. This change will be equal to the net income of the company for last year because the company will not pay a dividend.

Issuing 3 billion dollars of new debt to pay dividends should not have any effect on the voting control of the Wrigley family. Using that money to buy back shares will have an effect on the voting right of the family. When shares are repurchased they are put in the company treasury and are no longer outstanding. Then the Wrigley family’s percent of outstanding shares would rise giving them more voting control. They also have 58% if the outstanding shares of the Class B shares which have a 10 to 1 voting advantage over the common share class. These shares are not affected by the buyback.

b. If the board instead decided to use the cash to do a one-time share repurchase, in a perfect capital market, what is the price of the shares once the