Hemangioma Essay

Figure 41. Common hemangioma of infancy in a 9-month-old girl who presented with a right shoulder mass. Coronal unenhanced T1-weighted (a), STIR (b), and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted (c) MR images show a well-defined, lobulated soft-tissue mass confined to the subcutaneous soft tissues. The mass is isointense relative to muscle on the unenhanced T1-weighted image, is hyperintense on the STIR image, and shows diffuse enhancement on the gadolinium-enhanced image. All three images demonstrate small, intralesional signal void foci due to high-flow vessels.quoted from(Navarro et al;2009).

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is also known as the Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia effects approximately 1 in 5,000 people. It effects males and females from all racial ethnic groups. Dr. Rendu first described Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia as a hereditary disorder involving nosebleeds and characteristic red spots that was distinctly different from hemophilia. HHT is a hereditary disorder that is passed down through generations, Its characterized by abnormal blood vessels. Blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood around our bodies. There are two types of blood vessels; arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood under high pressure out to all areas of the body after being pumped by the heart. Veins carry blood that should be under low pressure, back to the heart. An artery does not usually connect directly to a vein. Usually there are very small vessels called capillaries that connect an artery to a vein. A human with HHT has a tendency to form blood vessels that lack normal capillaries between an artery and vein. This means the arterial blood under high pressure flows directly into a vein without first having to squeeze through very small

There is 3 types of Hemangioma. Superficial Hemangioma occur on top of the skin and have a red or purple coloring to it. Deep Hemangiomas

Although there are no FDA-approved treatments for IH, corticosteroids have been the first-line agents for systemic treatment for many years. Oral propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocker, has emerged as an alternative to corticosteroids for treatment of high-risk hemangiomas(2), although both of these treatments may have significant systemic effects(3). Topical timolol malate gel has also shown efficacy and tolerability showing gradual improvement with longer treatment in patients with superficial IH

ABDOMEN: The lung basis appeared unremarkable. The liver, spleen, gallbladder, adrenals, kidneys and pancreas and abdominal aorta appeared unremarkable. The bowels seen on the study appeared thickened. Dilated appendix seen constant with acute appendicitis. Osseous structures of the abdomen appeared unremarkable. No free air was seen.

In addition, chest risk can do this since the tumor presses back to the chest or spine and ribs. A lot of advancement patients gave this as liver tumor hint

fat, specially if associated with cystitis that could be incorrectly identified as tumor invasion. Vascular hyperaemia adjacent to the tumor could cause these abnormal signals

Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease has characteristic tumors that result from germ mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p25.13 One of these tumors is the hemangioblastoma. These tumors consistently occur in “the retina, cerebellum, brainstem and dorsal spinal cord.”13 Hemangioblastomas are benign neoplasms with no potential to metastasize. They are space occupying lesions that can cause neurological deficit and can have a high mortality rate due to tonsillar herniation, compression of the brainstem, and hydrocephalus if left untreated. Hemangioblastomas may have a syrinx or pseudocyst evident with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also on MRI, they can have the typical appearance of a “densely contrast-enhancing solid mass with smooth margins.”13 Central nervous

A 58 year- old- man submitted to our hospital with abdominal distension and pain. He had not history of jaundice and any other digestive symptoms. His family history was unremarkable. Upon physical examination, vital signs were normal. There was hepatomegaly and abdominal tenderness epigastric region. Biochemical tests were normal. Tumor markers including α‑Fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 were within normal limits. Blood hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests were negative. Abdominal USG revealed a solid mass in the liver and a polyp in gall blander. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) showed a 9x8 cm regular shaped

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

Astrocytomas often appear hypointense on T1-WI and hyperintense on T2-WI. FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) images and T2 sequences can be helpful in delineating the precise extension of astrocytoma borders which are not well demarcated because its infiltrative pattern. Cystic part is found in 27% - 42% of the lesions and is associated with hydro-myelia in half of cases.

The meticulous identification of gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract and its normal anatomy that facing a surgeon during surgical operations is essential in the prevention of iatrogenic injury. Equally important, an understanding of congenital variation of biliary and vascular anatomy, as the literature abounds with reports of specific anatomical variations, and their operative implications [1]. This study reviews the world literature on congenital variation of extrahepatic biliary anatomy. Further studies on image techniques and hepatobiliary scintigraphy for diagnosis of biliary diseases may details of the whole biliary ductal system and show some kinds of biliary malformation,

Angiomyolipoma is a benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular and smooth muscle elements. It has a preva- lence of about 0.3–3%. Two types are described: isolated angiomyolipoma and angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Isolated angiomyolipoma occurs sporadically, is often solitary and accounts for 80% of all angiomyolipomas.1 Shadowing on sonography is seen in 33% of acute myeloid leukaemias.2 3 In the general popula- tion in both sexes angiomyolipoma are most common in the age group 40–45 years. The mean age at presentation in patients with isolated angiomyolipoma is 43 years. This neoplasm is about four times more common in women than in men and interestingly 80% of cases involve the right kid- ney. Angiomyolipomas have

Also the CT scan displayed gallbladder wall thickening (greater than 3mm), subserosal halo,pericholecystic fluid (without ascites or hypoalbumenia),mucosal sloughing and intramural gas. According to Imwong’s radiology notes, this is the major criteria to look for in order to match the scanned image to the inflammatory disease.