Hemodialysis and Peritonial Dialysis

We hypothesize that as the solute concentration increases, more water will diffuse into the dialysis tubing (shown by a greater percent increase in mass).

The biology of a human body consists of multiple systems which function continuously since birth until death, and these sophisticated functions are those which kept a single human being to continue living. The examples of the systems are the excretory system, the endocrine system, and the cardiovascular system. To carry out the complex process of life, some organs have multiple functions in different, interrelated systems, and an example of these multifunctional organs is the kidney. The kidney is an appendage of the human body that works on many vital functions including the excretory system, the endocrine system, and control of body electrolyte and fluid equilibrium. When something wrong happens to the kidney, the impact will be big and the disease will be very complex due to its building structure. In this study, the discussion of the disease is facilitated by dividing them into those that affect its four parts; namely glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and blood vessels. Irrespective of whatever the causes that might take place, chronic kidney disease, more commonly abbreviated as CKD, ultimately cause damage on all four components of the kidney. This leads to the final result of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) (1).

Zyga et al (2009) states that acute renal failure (ARF) remains one of the major challenges of modern medicine. In the intensive care unit (ICU), the uremic complications of ARF aggravate the clinical and hemodynamic status of critically ill patients and impede their clinical recovery. Zyga et al (2009) continues to state that ARF constitutes an additional aggravating factor that increases hospital mortality.

Hemodialysis is a complex treatment that is comprised of multiple clinical practice processes that must be adhered to at all times in order to ensure patient receives a safe treatment. Due to the complexity of the hemodialysis process, DaVita implemented a clinical practice guideline that centers upon evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. DaVita Dialysis is a healthcare provider who specializes in Peritoneal, Acute Hemodialysis, Home Hemodialysis, and In-Center Hemodialysis. There are a host of policies and procedures that must be followed prior to the initiation, during, and at discontinuation of a hemodialysis treatment. Failure to follow these policies and procedure results in inappropriate management and evaluation of

The removal of unwanted water, or ultrafiltration, happens through osmosis. The dialysis solution has a high condensation of glucose, and this leads osmotic pressure. The pressure causes the fluid to shift from the blood into the dialysate. As an outcome, more fluid is cleared than is inserted.

The kidneys are important organ in the body. It helps regulate extracellular fluid and excrete waste products from the body. The kidneys also function to control blood pressure, produce erythropoietin, activate vitamin D, and regulate acid-base balance. When the kidneys fail to function, or work as they should, dialysis is needed. Dialysis restores internal homeostasis by osmosis, diffusion, and ultrafiltration. It can sustain life for people who have acute and chronic renal failure. There are two different types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

We had no controversies that would have influenced us to modify our predictions. The rate of osmosis was greater when there was more of the hypotonic solution in the bag. On the contrary, the more hypertonic the bag in a sucrose solution, the more the mass of the bag decreases. The information in this experiment reveals that the sizes of molecules would need to be sufficiently small to fit through the dialysis tubing in light of the fact that in the event that it isn't sufficiently small, at that point the tubing will bounce back the molecules and not let them go

Chronic Kidney Disease is the most common type of kidney disease. This is a long term disease that will not improve in any way, in any amount of time. The most common way to contract this is by high blood pressure. High blood pressure is highly troubling for the kidneys. This is because it can increase the pressure on the glomeruli. Glomeruli is the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys where blood is cleaned. Over time, the heightened pressure destroys these vessels and the kidney functions begin to decline. Kidney function will eventually destroy itself to the point where the kidneys can no longer perform their job accordingly. In this case, someone would need to go in a dialysis. Dialysis filters extra fluid, waste, and unnecessary stuff out

These patients were identified from the data available from medical coding systems at Royal Victoria Hospital. The sampling methodology used to determine these 35 patients was stratified sampling. According to, (Yin, 2003), with stratified sampling, the population is categorized in different layers known as strata. Each level consists of individuals with homogeneous characteristics. Once the layers are created, either simple random sampling or systematic random sampling is used to make a sample from each stratum (Yin, 2003).

Another safety concern in the dialysis unit is the high rate of patient falls. Patient age is a risk factor because most of the dialysis patients are over 65 years or older and are weak and prone to falls. About 82% falls happen at home due to furniture tripping; 40% due to “feeling dizzy or weak” (Marck et al., 2014). Because blood exchange is done during hemodialysis that can cause hypotension and/or weakness, as nurses, safety measures must be followed by ensuring functional while removing unnecessary equipment and keeping the unit free from clutters and by giving high attention to patients to keep them safe. Another prevalent issue in the dialysis unit is the high risk of sepsis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) “established

Dialysis is a procedure that replaces some of the work healthy kidneys do. It is done when you lose about 85–90% of your kidney function. It may also be done earlier if your symptoms may be improved by dialysis. During dialysis, wastes, salt, and extra water are removed from the blood, and the levels of certain chemicals in the blood (such as potassium) are maintained. Dialysis is done in sessions. Dialysis sessions are continued until the kidneys get better. If the kidneys cannot get better, such as in end-stage kidney disease, dialysis is continued for life or until you receive a new kidney (kidney transplant). There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

1.1 Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from the area of low concentration of solute to the area of high concentration of solute.

The process of dialysis evolved in the twentieth century. After watching a man die due to kidney failure, Dr. Willem Kolff (father of dialysis) discovered the first artificial kidney. In 1943, Dr. Kolff’s mission to invent the first artificial kidney was a success. During the era, of World War II, the artificial dialyzers helped save many soldier’s lives. Because of this great invention, many kidney patients were able to live longer which gave them a greater chance of survival. Because dialysis changed the life expectancy of the patients, many were able to receive transplants. The first kidney transplant was performed in the early 1950’s. Since this invention was created, many technological improvements have come along which is making it possible for the people effected by kidney disease to live long, meaningful lives.

The physician may adjust the hemodialysis intensity and frequency based on the test results. These labs are crucial and must be checked monthly while being on dialysis.

Hemodialysis removes wastes, salts, and excess fluid from the body when your kidney can no longer do the work adequately. The treatment is used with end advanced kidney failure and can help maintain an active life despite failing kidneys. In any case, the process can help control blood pressure, maintain the proper balance of fluid and various minerals. A vascular access is created by a surgeon and then the site will need to heal for any a period of a few weeks to a month. This access point allows a mechanism for a small amount of blood to be removed, cleansed and then returned to your body in order for the hemodialysis to work. In a dialysis center your weight, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are checked then the access site cleaned. Two needles are inserted, attached to a flexible plastic tubing, and then connected to a dialyzer. With other options this can be done in your own home, which is easier on your body, and may give you more freedom. Equipment that may be used includes a graft or catheter, and a hemodialysis machine if the treatment will be at home and a filter called a dialyzer. The concept behind this process is to help cleanse your blood of the toxins in your body. This will help with a better quality of life, increased well being, reduced symptoms, less cramping, headaches and shortness of breath, improved appetite, sleeping patterns, energy levels and the ability to