Hemoglobin and Bloom S Category Essay

6. Some individuals who have been submerged in cold water for long periods of time have survived. How is this possible?

This lab was conducted with the purpose of confirming the trait of homeostasis among goldfish. During the experiment, it was recorded that the fish would increase gill movement when placed in colder water two out of the three trials. However, the results showed no significant difference in gill movement in various temperatures of water. This has very little effect on the broad field of science since our only three trials were performed and may have included human error in the trials.

The temperature decrease results in alterations of the autonomic sympathetic response[11] and in impaired conduction velocity of the electrical signals through the

7. What is the capacity of the air after it has descended back down to the sea level on the lee side of the mountains?

9. Apply: Think about a small helium tank that can fill 50 balloons. What must be true about the helium in the tank compared to the helium in the balloons?

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

direct calorimetry. Furthermore, the amount of oxygen in the chamber reveals the amount of cellular respiration of the organism. While also, test the effects of decreasing oxygen, and later increasing the heat on the metabolic rate of goldfish. I hypothesize that an increase in temperature will increase their metabolic rate

The procedure for this experiment followed the steps as shown in the flow chart (Figure 1) and will be expanded upon here. The oxygen-measuring probe in the test chamber was first turned on and required 10 minutes to warm up. During this time, two empty containers had 200mL of fish water added to them and then each was weighed using a scale that was tared to zero before use. Two pairs of goldfish were then collected from the large tank #1 in the lab room using the fish net provided, and one pair was placed in each container. Then, the containers were reweighed separately and the original weights were subtracted from the new weights in order to determine each pair of goldfish’s weight. Two trials were conducted and in each trial, each goldfish pair was subjected to two conditions, first a control condition where no factors were introduced, followed by an experimental condition where they were exposed

When an endotherm is subjected to severe cold it is liable to lose heat energy but this can be counteracted in a number of ways;

In their Respiratory system, the trachea allows the carbon dioxide filled air into the lungs,

The example given is the coral trout, a fish that is commercially important. Since the water temperature has risen higher up in the water, these trout tend to be more lethargic now; they stay lower in the water. This is crucial because all of their hunting and mating ground is higher

In general, mammals have a closed circulatory system allowing them to ventilate easily. Air is inhaled by mammals through their mouths when their diaphragm contracts before travelling down the trachea. Air enters the lungs through the trachea, which splits into two bronchi and then smaller bronchioles. All of these tubes are held open by rings of cartilage. It is on the bronchioles where alveoli are. Alveoli are the gas exchange surface in mammals. Alveoli provide a moist gas exchange surface in which oxygen diffuses from the water into the alveoli. The oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood capillaries surrounding them before the blood gets transported to the many cells needed because of respiration. The blood supply is extensive, which means that oxygen is carried away to the cells as soon as it has diffused into the blood.

The conditions that the tests were performed play a vital role in the determination of a successful experiment. Without proper preparation and equal treatment to each fish, new variables may arise that would erroneously present themselves in collision with the intended results. The validity of any experiment lays rest with the ability to control the variables properly. Because they are further assessing the results from an earlier experiment on a different species, they were sure that the experimental design was the same as Girvan and Braithwaite’s 1998 experiment of three-spined sticklebacks. The location, time of year, size of fish, temperature, water transparency, lighting and many more variables play important roles in the results of the experiment conducted by Sheenaja and Thomas (2011). They paid close attention to these details before starting their data

In order for haemoglobin to be made from the base sequence provided, protein sysnthesis needs to occur. Consequently, two major events are involved; transcription, which makes messenger RNA (mRNA) that holds the codons that tRNA will translate into amino acids and eventually a polypeptide; and transcription, which makes polypetide chains that make proteins. In relation the hameglobin structure, the DNA (base sequence provided) partially unwinds, so it can be read. RNA polymerase enzymes attach onto the promoter reigon of the gene. The RNA polymerase assists in the complementray base pairing of free ribonucleotides with exposed bases of the template strand of DNA. Therefore, new hyrdogen bonds will be formed between the bases of DNA and the newly formed RNA molecule. When the RNA polymerase reaches the terminal reigon of the gene, hydrogen bonds break of and a newly formed mRNA strand C A U C U A A C C C C A G A G G A G is created.

They are generally inactive during the day and night and remain in the water in the evening because it cools more slowly than the air, thereby maintaining a warmer body temperature for longer (Guggisberg 1972).