Hemolytic Disorders: A Case Study

Anemia What is anemia? Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low red blood cell count or mass (hemoglobin). This can be caused by blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or increased red cell destruction. Some common forms of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid disease,

Otherwise known as G6PD deficiency, people with an extreme case of this illness would experience hemolytic anemia, fever, and fatigue after eating fava beans or take drugs like primaquine. This is due to the fact that people with favism lack sufficient amount of the enzyme G6PD, which is important for protecting cells from chemical elements that would otherwise destroy the cells. The substances mentioned above act as the catalysts for the production of free radicals (un-paired electrons). As these un-paired electrons seek to pair with electrons in red blood cells with deficient amount of G6PD, it causes the cell membranes to burst. The loss of red blood cells when left untreated can cause the person to have kidney failure, heart failure, and death. As of now, there is no treatment for G6PG

Sickle Cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders, or a collection of recessive genetic disorders characterized by a hemoglobin variant called Hb S. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle

Plasma would carry white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets to the injury site, which is the scrape on the hand. Platelets would attach with each other, building a blockade to stop blood flow at the injury site. White blood cells would attack and kill foreign substances that enter through the injury site and try to hurt the body. Red blood cells would provide oxygen at the injury site to help heal the injury, having that platelets have created a blockade.

Auto immune hemolytic anemia is a disorder where the body attacks itself. The body attacks and lysis its own red blood cells. The immune system recognizes the red blood cells as foreign invaders, targets them and destroys them. Red blood cells are either destroyed in the vessel as it circulates or when its circulates through the liver or spleen. Hemoglobin is released by the red blood cells and the liver is overworked as it tries to break it down. Oxygen is delivered to cells and tissue via hemoglobin and can cause symptoms such as lethargy, tachypnea, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, and disorientation due to lack of oxygen. Vomiting and poor appetite can also be experienced symptoms. Auto immune hemolytic anemia is diagnosed with blood

G6PD deficiency is a genetic disease. G6PD protects red blood cells from potentially harmful substances that can accumulate when a person takes certain medications or when the immune system is fighting an infection. G6PD also helps the body process carbohydrates and turn them into energy.A deficiency in G6PD can cause

Anemia is a condition that effects “more than 3 million people in the United States” (Peterson, 2012). Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs) or decreased hemoglobin in an individual’s blood. RBCs carry oxygen rich blood throughout an individual’s tissues and organs, allowing the body to function properly. Therefore, an anemic person has a decreased amount of oxygen rich blood flowing through their body. A decreased amount of oxygenated blood is not immediately life threatening but can become very serious. Some potential side effects of anemia are; fatigue, lack of energy, pallor, organ damage, heart failure and death (Peterson, 2012). There are multiple types of anemia with the most common being; iron-deficiency anemia, folic acid-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and microcytic anemia (PDRhealth, 2015).

At the age of two, district employee Michael Smith was told he was going to die within a decade.

• blood disorders, such as hemolytic anemia (the rupture or destruction of red blood cells that lead to a decreased amount of red blood cells in your circulation, which leads to fatigue and weakness)

The disease I chose to do my first paper on is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. This was a disease that I actually acquired as a young child and was diagnosed and treated for. The way it is described is a early destruction of red blood cells which affects the Cardiovascular system. It ends up clogging the filter systems of the kidneys and then at some point could lead to kidney failure if not treated correctly.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is a rare chronic disease, different from typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Typical HUS is caused by bacteria, specifically E. Coli (“Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)”, 2016; Noris & Remuzzi, 2010). It can be treated, and most children will have a full recovery (“Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)”, 2016). aHUS can develop in two forms: familial or sporadic, that affect both children and adults, making it difficult to diagnose (Noris & Remuzzi, 2010; NORD, 2016). Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is distinguished by three main manifestations: hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBC), thrombocytopenia (low platelets), and uremia NORD, 2016; Loirat & Fremeaux-Bacci, 2011; Biermann, 2017; Kaplan,

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

Ms. A. a 26-year-old white woman had been experiencing increased shortness of breath, low energy levels and these symptoms got worse during her menstruation periods. She had also been experiencing Menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal for the last 10-12 years. There is a possibility that Ms. A could be suffering from anemia. Moreover, on the day she was taken to the emergency clinic, she experienced light-headedness the attending physician’s notes indicated a temp of 98 degrees F, an elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure. According to a study done by Ilyas , et al. (2012 ), Iron deficiency (ID) is majorly responsible for the cause of nutritional anemia. Specifically Menorrhagia responsible for loss of more than 80 mL during the menstrual periods is the most common cause of anemia in young women. Consequently, anemia commonly causes reduction of oxygen movement in the blood, causing fatigue and a diminished physical capacity. In addition, even moderate anemia can bring about shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, lightheadedness as well headaches.

In my opinion, based on signs and symptoms this patient suffers from hemolytic anemia, characterized by reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells, caused by accelerated destruction and removal of these cells from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. When blood cells die, bone marrow produces more blood cells to replace them, however, in HA, the bone marrow does not make red blood cells fast enough to meet the body's needs. Many diseases, conditions, and factors can cause the body to destroy its red blood cells. This type of anemia can be inherited, where parents passed the gen to the child (hemoglobin defects, enzyme defects, membrane defects) or acquired, meaning it developed overtime (infectious diseases: hepatitis, streptococcus; medications such as acetaminophen, antibiotics, ibuprofen, interferon alfa procainamide). In some cases, the cause of hemolytic anemia can’t be established.

G6PD deficiency is an inherited condition in which the body doesn't have enough of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or G6PD, which helps red blood cells (RBCs) function normally. This deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, usually after exposure to certain medications, foods, or even infections.