Hemolytic Vaccination Research

Through the understanding of infectious diseases, researchers have been able to create several types of vaccines to help prevent a variety of life-threatening illnesses. Scientists develop immunizations using different techniques to treat diseases. These types include: live, killed, toxoids, subunit, and conjugate vaccines. Vaccinations that are the live type use a specific process which when administered will expose the patient to the actual disease, but in a much

vaccines injected into a 13-pound, two-month old infant are equivalent to 70 doses in a 130-

Con 2 - Complications to the vaccines, and the possible cause of illness or reactions can be risky.

Vaccines are designed to put foreign antigens into the body so the body will produce antibodies to fight it off. When an antigen is

A vaccine is, by definition, “a preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). In other words, living or killed viruses or bacteria are injected into the body and used to create antibodies for diseases caused by those viruses or bacteria. For example, the disease leptospirosis is caused by coming into contact with Leptospira bacteria through ingestion, being bitten by an infected animal, or having an open wound or mucous membrane that can allow the bacteria to enter the body. It is also a zoonotic disease, meaning that humans can contract it from their dogs, although this is uncommon (AVMA, n.d.). However, getting a yearly leptospirosis vaccine can help protect dogs from getting infected by the bacteria

The global use of vaccines has been very successful in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases and their associated complications. For centuries, infectious diseases were the most common cause of disability and death in the world. Until the 19th century, it was not known what caused these diseases and why some people became seriously ill with an infection while others were less affected.

Vaccinations are produced by developing a live, but weakened or inactive form of a disease. This weakened form of the disease, is then introduced into the body via injection, inhalation, or ingestion. Providing the body with this inactive version of the disease, the body’s natural defense mechanisms are triggered and begin creating antibodies against the disease, which in turn, allows

Escherichia coli are gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that are often used in laboratory studies and are usually harmless, residing in the human digestive tract as part of the normal flora. E. coli 0157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of E. coli that was first identified as a cause of disease in the United States in 1982, during an investigation into an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. The organism is also called enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) because it causes abdominal pain with diarrhea that may contain blood. It lives in the intestines of healthy cattle and can contaminate meat during slaughter. It is believed that the widespread use of antibiotics by American farmers has

As the world continues to grow each and every day new discoveries are made. Discoveries are made regarding new illnesses and infectious diseases that can infect humans and also be life taking. Along with the discoveries of illness and infectious diseases there are new medicine discoveries. These new medicine discoveries are helping the human race stay healthier longer. The reason people are able to live healthier longer lives is because the new medicine discoveries are making people immune to illnesses and infectious diseases. The new medicine discoveries are for everyone but mainly for the newest generations brought into today. Theses new medicine discoveries are turned into immunizations or vaccines, which are given to humans who want them.

Vaccines are said to be one of the greatest health developments of the 20th century, saving many lives. That's why the CDC (centers for disease controls) recommends

A common alternative to the live attenuated vaccinations are inactivated, or killed, vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are produced by growing the virus in a medium and then inactivating it with heat and/or a chemical. Since the virus is inactivated, it is unable to cause infection, even in patients that suffer from immunodeficiency. Inactivated viruses are faced with limitations, however. Only viral vaccines containing the whole virus are available in this form, which includes; influenza; polio; rabies; and hepatitis A (Figure 3). The inactivated vaccinations also must be administered in multiple doses, as the first dose does not produce protective antibodies, but only primes the immune system for infection (Offit et al.. 2002). Polysaccharide

up of killed or weakened forms of the disease-causing microbes. For many years, vaccines have

Presently, vaccines have an outstanding safety record and most vaccine scares are just false alarms or myths. In that respect are several benefits when it comes to vaccination, which includes helping in eradication, elimination and prevention of diseases, it helps in reducing mortality and morbidity rates and other complications. Vaccines can help in increasing the life expectancy rates by protecting against diseases. In developing countries vaccination programs are believed to be the cornerstones of primary health care services. There are also certain limitation or risks to having vaccinations and its side effects varies in different individuals. For instance, few people may endure from a mild reaction to a certain vaccine and definitely it is short-lived. It is far better to be safe than sorry. The hazards of having serious infections or diseases that can be fatal is way greater than taking a chance of experiencing a serious consequence. Using a vaccine is much cheaper compared to treating a serious illness. The most severe allergic reaction following an administration of a vaccine is called an anaphylactic reaction. The person may experience difficulty in breathing and sometime may collapse. This is extremely rare and the vaccination staff is trained to deal with such events. These reactions are completely reversible if treated promptly. The benefits of vaccination are

This is called an immune response. Vaccination is an attempt to manipulate the immune system to provide protection from disease caused by a pathogen without subjecting the person to the actual disease. The cowpox virus was sufficiently similar to the smallpox virus that if an individual were exposed to cowpox, the person would develop antibodies that would subsequently attack and disable the smallpox virus. This basic principle discovered by Jenner over two hundred and fifty years ago is used today to develop the dozens of vaccines we take for granted.

Our current society is surrounded by the debatable usage of vaccines and its importance around the world. Since the introduction of immunizations, many diseases have been decreased and even eradicated from humanity. Even though this is true, serious side effects along with lifelong illnesses follow the temporary cure of viruses. A vaccine is a substance that delivers immunity against viruses and is used to stimulate the construction of antibodies. Vaccines are prepared from the disease itself treated to perform as an antigen without inducing the disease (Vaccines). These inoculations are used worldwide and various unknown infections have been speculated as the originations for them. Vaccines were originated as an alternative to cure viruses among people but the harmful symptoms, unknown links to incurable