preview

Hepatic Hemangioma Research Paper

Decent Essays

Hemangioma is the most common non-cystic benign hepatic lesion. Depending on imaging findings, hepatic hemangiomas can be categorized as typical and atypical. Typical hemangiomas comprised of three distinct histological subtypes, including (i) the cavernous hemangioma, (ii) the capillary hemangioma and (iii) the sclerosed hemangioma (1). The atypical group includes various categories such as giant and heterogeneous large hemangiomas (2, 3). A.1.Typical hepatic hemangiomas Ultrasonography (US): Generally, typical hepatic hemangiomas are homogeneous hyperechoic masses with well-defined margins and posterior acoustic enhancement at US examination. In 10% of cases, the lesion may be seen as a hypoechoic lesion due to the presence of an underlying …show more content…

After administration of contrast material, a discontinuous, nodular, peripheral enhancement develops in the arterial phase, which progresses to more centripetal fill-in in the portal venous phase and ends up in irregular fill-in and isoattenuating or hyperattenuating appearance in the delayed phase (6). The density of a cavernous hemangioma is the same of a vessel (1). Capillary hemangiomas, like other typical hepatic hemangiomas, appear mildly hypodense but sometimes they may become isodense on non-contrast CT images (7). The kinetics of enhancement is rapid and like to that of the aorta, i.e. an early, homogenous intense enhancement in the arterial phase is usually seen (8). The presence of hypodense focal nodular patches that correspond to sclerotic zones is the main CT feature of sclerosed hemangiomas …show more content…

On T2-weighted images, the lesion is hyperintense with well-defined margins, but the intensity is less than that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a hepatic cyst. After administration of gadolinium, the lesion shows peripheral nodular discontinuous enhancement that progresses centripetally in the delayed phases. At diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), hepatic hemangiomas are typically hyperintense even with high b-values because of slow blood flow and are hypointense on ADC map because of restricted diffusion (1, 10, 11). The contrast kinetics in capillary hemangiomas is similar to that of the CT, i.e. a uniform and rapid enhancement occurs (12). When an arterioportal shunt is also present a transient perilesional enhancement is observed (13). In sclerosed hemangiomas, the zones of central sclerosis appear hypointense and the overall signal of the lesion is heterogeneous on T2-weighted images. After administration of contrast material, a peripheral nodular enhancement develops and progresses very slowly. An early transient perilesional enhancement is a classical finding. Sometimes, sclerosed hemangiomas do not enhance at

Get Access