Hepatitis A Scare Case Studies

When it comes to food in today's day and age it correlates with being convenient, fast, and budgeting because people are usually on the go. Generally, people are used to a grab and go routine between work, school, and a family life. Government regulations such as the FDA and other laws given to factories and supermarkets are being trusted to keep the population safe from any food dangerous; therefore, people don’t do their own research on the foods they’re serving. Authors Pollan and Schlosser in Food Matters, allows individuals to analyze and think about the intake of foods used in their daily life. Pollan shares some rules to be considered when shopping for foods in the supermarket. If people read in detail the theories and information given

The Never event: Exposing the largest outbreak of hepatitis c in American healthcare history (McKnight & Bennington, 2008) begins telling the story of what should have been a “top-notch” cancer center with a doctor committed to saving lives. Memorial Hospital of Dodge County was expanding their cancer services, making access to services easier for the community. They wanted to keep their patients in town and help them avoid commutes to Omaha. They hired Dr. Tahir Ali Javed from Punjab, Pakistan; he educated and trained at well-known, prestigious facilities. Everything that was put into place, the new facility and outstanding physician, made it seem as though the cancer center was going to exceed the expectations that the hospital had in mind. However, malpractice, lack of compassion, and avoidance drove the center and the patients into the ground. After reading this novel, I was able to define compassionate care in my own terms and will provide examples of acts of compassionate care. As well as, discussing the principles of dignity and beneficence in regards to Dr. Javed and nurses in the clinic. Lastly, I will provide a testimony statement about the future care of patients.

Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."

The Willowbrook Hepatitis Study was conducted at the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York. This school housed and cared for mentally disabled children, however had high rates of Hepatitis among the staff and students due to the overcrowding of the facility and unsanitary conditions.

Jay Carlos and his wife Leigh were approached with a new business venture. They were asked to open a home for the mentally retarded. In the past, mentally retarded people were viewed in a single category, from minor to severely retarded, they could not live a normal daily life. If their families could not care for them, they were forced into large state hospitals where the care was less than stellar. Jay and Leigh were always looking for a new investment. They were through extensive research and decided this would be a great opportunity (Lester & Parnell, 2006, Case C).

About 4.1 million people in Americans have the positive antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV), and about 75 percent have permeant infection. Additionally, most of the infections happened 20 to 40 years ago, before the finding of HCV. Hepatitis C increased from 7,000 to 13,000 deaths in 2005. Furthermore, HCV develops slowly which increases the risk of severe complications in the infected people. Identification, death, and treatment are predicted to affect 35,000 by 2030. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) used antiviral therapy with PEGylated in clinical trials (Kalichman, Washington, Kegler, Grebler, Kalichman, Cherry, & Eaton, 2015). The CDC recommends a HCV one time test for people born between 1945 and 1965. The objective of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the amount of substance abusers infected with hepatitis C in the United States. Additionally, to observe the treatment of HCV. Currently Medicaid and Medicare repayment standards for sofosbuvir were calculated in all states, including the District of Columbia. Medicaid and Medicare covered the drug based on the following conditions; liver disease stage, HIV, and drug use. Approximately 42 states reimbursed the following criteria up to 74 percent for the drug sofobuvir. About two-thirds of the United States restricted the treatment centered on prescriber type. About 88 percent included drug abuse in their sofosbuvir admissibility measures. Finally, 50 percent required a date of abstinence and 64 percent required

Introduction: Ribena blackcurrant drink was launched in Britain in the 1930s and won lasting fame during the Second World War as a source of vitamin C for British children denied fresh fruit such as oranges. It subsequently became established as an iconic “healthy food” served by mothers in 22 other countries around the world[1] especially locations such as Australia and New Zealand with strong post-war British migration. Today Ribena generates sales world wide of £169 million ($US 332 million) for manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline (GSK, 2006). In 2004, two New Zealand teenagers testing the vitamin C content of various fruit drinks for a high-school chemistry project found that the pre-diluted ready-to-drink (RTD) variety of Ribena did not contain four times the vitamin C of oranges, as implied in advertising. After the students failed to secure a satisfactory response from GSK, their complaint went to a popular television consumer programme and eventually to the Auckland District Court. In March 2007, the company pleaded guilty to 15 representative charges and was fined $NZ 227,500 (£81,750 or $US 163,400) for the misleading television commercials and incorrect labeling. The second largest global pharmaceutical company was forced to take out apology advertising in both

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis is most commonly caused by viruses, and can cause your liver to become inflamed, swollen and tender. The symptoms of Hepatitis start out like the flu with coughing, fever, aches, and vomiting. However, the disease gradually worsens with symptoms of extreme weakness and excruciating abdominal pain. Never the less, Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol and some other toxins and infections. There are many forms of Hepatitis; the most commonly seen forms are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis c. Furthermore, Worldwide, 500 million people are estimated to be infected with Hepatitis B or C. These viruses kill 1.5 million people a year; 1 in every 3 people has been exposed to either or both viruses and most infected people do not know about it due to dormant symptoms.

Hepatitis E is an emerging viral infection able to cause chronic infection, and can lead to liver cirrhosis in immunosuppressed individuals. Currently ribavirin is the only treatment available, but some patients cannot tolerate this drug whilst others have infection with a ribavirin resistant virus due to a viral genetic mutation. Understanding an individual patients immune (T cell) response to HEV infection and how this changes during treatment is key to tailoring ribavirin treatment for an individual patient (optimum dose and length of treatment), and developing new therapeutic strategies such as T cell therapies to deal with HEV

The care for the mentally retarded has competition on other organizations that offer the same as Jay Carlos’s facility, but however it is on friendly terms. Although there may be of new threats that new homes are popping up to help care for mentally retarded individuals, it does not seem too much of a threat because ultimately they are doing the same as in caring for each individual.Jay seems to be concerned about these individuals as much as his wife and they are working hard at keeping OSHA at bay on the terms of the procedures and policies of blood-borne pathogens and Hepatitis vaccines. The conclusions that can be drawn are; OSHA is only there to ensure that the homes are safe and in healthful working conditions, Jay has not been in contact

Hepatitis is caused by a virus that is targeted at the liver, one of your most important organs!! Specifically, it causes inflammation and injury to the liver. Hepatitis comes in many different forms, five to be exact. There is Hepatitis A, B, C, D & E. Hepatitis is caused mainly by viruses, all of which are set on shutting down your liver. I will be specifically concentrating on Hepatitis A in this report. Hepatitis A is also known as infectious Hepatitis, an extremely contagious viral infection that often effects young children and young adults, especially those in large groups. It has been known to break out in schools, summer camps and music festivals etc.

An issue is defined by Regester and Larkin (2002) as an internal or external event that will have a substantial effect on the organisation’s functions, performance, or interests. Furthermore, Issue development usually follow a predictable pattern (Meng, 2009). Ribena was confronted by an issue when two school girls managed to invalidate its long standing claim. Anna Devathasan and Jenny Suo, both were 14 year old students in Pakuranga College in Auckland New Zealand, tested the claim of Ribena’s RTD variety on its high Vitamin C content and found it untrue. With a test hypothesis of cheaper brands were less healthy, they have concluded based on their findings that Ribena RTD contain less Vitamin C compared to their cheaper rival brands (Vasagar, 2007). The girls trigged a series of events that led to GSK pleading guilty of breaching the Fair Trading Act to the New Zealand Commerce Commission (Regester and Larkin et al., 2008). A year after, the intensity of the issue died down but Ribena’s “breach of trust” is still in the mind of Australasian consumers. Ribena sales dropped by 12%. By this time, Ribena and parent company GSK should have realized that their system have weak spots that needs to be analysed and refined not only to prevent a similar crisis from happening again, but also to assure stakeholders that GSK is putting in the effort needed to continually improve. Clearly this did not happen given the fact that similar crises (e.g. 2012 Paxil

Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It may cause fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice the disease ranges in clinical severity from a mild illness lasting 1–2 weeks to a severely disabling disease lasting several months. Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent Hepatitis A. Transmission may occur by direct person-to-person contact; or from contaminated water, ice, or shellfish from contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked, but which may become contaminated during handling. Hepatitis A can affect anyone

Throughout the years, there has been an incredible amount of speculation as to what ingredients are being put into the food we consume. The same food manufactured by major food corporations that can only be approved by the FDA. There are many techniques that these food corporations can use in order to gain consumer loyalty, but the main focus is the way their advertising works. Along with these advertisements, comes a target market as well. The food industry is constantly in speculation because there are always new foods that corporations want approved to sell. Some of these businesses are part of the fast food industry and others are international food companies that sell their products around the world. As adults and parents, we need to

In these straitened economic times, frozen food is a sector that is growing as consumers recognise two main factors. Firstly it offers value for money, and secondly it helps to reduce food waste. The UK frozen food market is worth around £5.1 billion a year and accounts for 8% of the UK Grocery Industry (Kantar Worldpanel, 2010). Although in 2010 the market remained flat, it has shown 11.3% value growth between 2007-2010, with indication that the market will continue to grow this year.