Chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the US, while hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is third. The prevalence of HBC and HCV is higher in - African descent Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites (CITATION). The epidemiological trends in chronic hepatitis are not limited to African Americans but also African immigrants (AI). According to the US Census, AI are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in Minnesota (CITATION). In particular, Minnesota is home to the largest Somali population in the country. In addition, chronic hepatitis is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in ~25% of all HCC cases worldwide. This trend in chronic hepatitis influences …show more content…
Furthermore, several hospital-based studies confirm that the rates of viral hepatitis are higher among immigrant than their Non-Hispanic White, counterparts. Due to a lack of understanding of the population in general regarding these diseases, most recent AI, have little appreciation of their risk from these diseases, resulting in substantial liver health disparities. Therefore, it is important to delineate their knowledge, attitude, and behaviors (KAB) (CITATION) related to viral hepatitis and hepatobiliary cancer. Using a social ecological approach we plan to gain insight on the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community factors that influence KAB of AI on viral hepatitis and hepatobiliary cancer. Our approach involves applying a multidisciplinary team approach that partners academic researchers with community stakeholders to foster bidirectional dialogs and co-learning about barriers and facilitators to prevention, screening, and treatment of liver disease in among first and second generation AI. We plan to use a community-based participatory approach (CBPR) gain insight on KAB on …show more content…
We hypothesize that this collaboration will effectively facilitate the engagement process by maximizing the social ecological factors influence of KAB, thereby, creating greater awareness of opportunities to understand liver disease related disparities in AI. Moreover, our multidisciplinary approach allows us to understand cultural, biological, genetic, and behavioral factors impact AI acquisition to a positive viral hepatitis serostatus. We plan explore the etiology of viral hepatitis by examining genotypes and sub-genotypes, viral genetic mutations, and host genetic and immunologic factors to determine the important mechanisms driving chronic HBV and/or HCV infections among AI. In addition, at the clinical level, we must understand the role of host genetic factors in the processes of inflammation, liver regeneration and diseases progression. It is our rationale that these approaches provide new opportunities to decrease the burden of viral hepatitis and subsequent complications in the AI in the US. This CBPR study will combine translational science approaches to address the following specific
Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."
Liver cirrhosis, which is the end product of liver disease caused by HCV, is the leading cause of organ transplants in the United States (Hirsch, 2000).
Over 50% of Americans that have chronic Hepatitis B are Asian Americans, yet Asian Americans only account for 5% of the population in the United States. The high rates of Hepatitis B can be explained by the mistrust in immunizations, therefore Southeast Asian Americans
In Red Bluff, and other rural areas, there are less hospitals, shorter approved stays in hospitals, shortages of health care practitioners, more chronic illnesses that could complicate the recovery of Hepatitis A, more disabilities, and like San Diego, if large quantities of vaccines are needed, the governor would have to declare a state of emergency (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2014).
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis is most commonly caused by viruses, and can cause your liver to become inflamed, swollen and tender. The symptoms of Hepatitis start out like the flu with coughing, fever, aches, and vomiting. However, the disease gradually worsens with symptoms of extreme weakness and excruciating abdominal pain. Never the less, Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol and some other toxins and infections. There are many forms of Hepatitis; the most commonly seen forms are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis c. Furthermore, Worldwide, 500 million people are estimated to be infected with Hepatitis B or C. These viruses kill 1.5 million people a year; 1 in every 3 people has been exposed to either or both viruses and most infected people do not know about it due to dormant symptoms.
Hepatitis B was first founded in 1966 by Baruch S. Blumberg. It was first discovered when Dr. Blumberg and his team traveled around the world collecting blood samples from the native population in remote parts of the world. Dr. Blumberg and his team had planned to look for genetic differences and study whether or not the differences were caused or associated with diseases. Technology wasn’t that far progressed though so they had to reevaluate their plan so they decided to turn their attention to the hemophiliac patients. Dr. Blumberg believed that hemophiliacs who received multiple blood transfusions would have been exposed to blood serum proteins that they did not inherit themselves but had been inherited by their
It has recently been brought to my attention that I am close to the maximum amount of allowed absences from our UGC 211 class before an automatic failing grade will be applied. These documents are to serve the purpose of explaining my previous absences, many of which have been due to my medical diagnosis of acute hepatitis that was derived from a severe case of mononucleosis. These two conditions affected me simultaneously.
The term Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis C (HCV) is a liver disease that is contagious and ranges in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness that attacks the liver. When people are initially infected, they experience no either mild symptoms or no symptoms at all
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a disease that worldwide has affected over two million people. Currently in the world there are over 400 million people living with chronic HBV. Over one million people are projected to die this year alone from HBV and its related complications, according to Rustgi et al. (2010). Jindal et al. (2012) states, “that approximately 30% of the world’s population has been exposed to HBV” (p. 164). When exposed to HBV, the human body has an immune response and the person will experience an acute hepatitis B attack. In this paper, I will discuss the status of the Hepatitis B virus and the populations at increased risk. I also will discuss what is being done to help prevent the spread
People all around the world are concerns about the hepatitis virus. The disease attacks the liver which is responsible for detoxification, bile production and clotting in the body. It can be fatal because many people who have the disease do not know about it. Some people present signs and others remained asymptomatic. Jaundiced is on usually present when people have the virus. There may be variation; children under the age of 5 and immunosuppressed adults may present no symptoms at all. The acute phase last 6 months and many people fight that phase and do not develop the disease. This means they will get well without any long term liver problems.
The major risk of Chronic Hepatitis B is that the person can develop serious liver damage, liver failure, cancer and death. It was found that “Approximately 2,000–4,000 people die every year from Hepatitis B-related liver disease,” (Centers for Disease, 2015, para. 27). The people that are most at risk are: sexual contact with someone who is infected, many sex partners, someone with sexually transmitted disease, men who have sex with other men, drug users who share needles, living with a person with
Hepatitis B is a liver infection which is caused by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The hepatitis B virus attacks the liver and damage the liver. Hepatitis B is called as “Silent disease” because it doesn’t show any symptoms. Most adults are able to get recover from the hepatitis B virus but, some adults and baby are not able to recover from this Virus. The virus remain in the blood for a long time and this virus can transfer on others. The hepatitis B is infect on one third of people in the world. Hepatitis B is common in countries like China, India, Middle East, Africa, South America, parts of Europe. A person carrying Hepatitis B doesn’t get a job in China because the companies discriminate the infected people. Most graduates in China are unemployed because of the
Chronic liver disease is an extremely debilitating and degenerative disease that is often the result of a series of years of alcoholism. The result is this terrible disease in which the liver begins to fail, and will usually result in the overall deterioration of the body and will often lead to the need for a liver transplant or dialysis. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health (2017), “In 2015, chronic liver disease was the fifth leading cause of death for all American Indians/Alaska Natives” (Para. 1). This is an alarmingly high statistic, but what was even more alarming was to find out that, “American Indian/Alaska Native men and women are 2.5 times as likely to be diagnosed with chronic liver disease, as compared to non-Hispanic whites” (Para. 1). This suggests that perhaps Native
“When certain viruses affect the liver, they cause hepatitis, an inflammatory disease marked by necrosis of hepatocytes and a mononuclear response that swells and disrupts the liver architecture. This pathologic change interferes with the livers excretion of bile pigments such as bilirubin into the intestine. When bilirubin, a greenish yellow pigment, accumulates in the blood and tissues, it causes jaundice”. (Cowan, 2013) Hepatitis A was first discovered in 1973 by a man named Steven M. Feinstone. It was a non-enveloped, spherical, positive stranded RNA virus. Hepatitis was an unidentified viral disease before this discovery was made. There are conditions that are non-infectious that also cause inflammation and disease in the liver. They are things like alcoholism, autoimmune conditions and drug
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major issue in today’s society. This flavivirus infection was discovered in 1989, before which it was called a non-A, non-B hepatitis. The world health organization (WHO) estimates that 3% of the world’s population has already been infected with HCV and there are almost 170 million carriers who are at risk of developing HCV.