Hereditary Conformities

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

The most prominent cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia is bleeding. Blood loss from the Gastrointestinal Tract is a significant cause of anemia for both men and women. When blood is present in excrement, a gastrointestinal problem exists. Many times, people are unaware of these problems with their waste products. When they begin to feel the symptoms of anemia and undergo tests that determine that they are anemic, it begins the process of discovering more health problems. Anemia can serve as the precursor of certain diseases. There are many instances when it is merely a sign of severe disease such as a peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasis of the colon, and colonic adenocarcinoma (http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/sep_96/browne.htm).

Sickle cell: One of the first inherited diseases to be unraveled at the level of DNA was sickle-cell anemia which is defined as abnormal, crescent-shaped red blood cells that results from a single change in the amino acid sequence of the cell's hemoglobin, which causes the cell to contort, especially under low-oxygen conditions. (medical dictionary, 2017) Also, called drepanocyte, meniscocyte. Also, this blood disorder mostly affects Africans and natives of the Mediterranean region are those who are affected by malaria. A single mutation in the gene for the blood protein hemoglobin can affect its ability to transport oxygen around the body. People who inherit two copies of the same mutation, one from each parent, have severe symptoms.

According to the study, the symptoms of anemia include malaise, lethargy, fatigue, swelling belly, pale skin, poor appetite, numerous infections, and crankiness.

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Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, is the disease that affects children the most and because of the abnormal cells that are immature white blood cells which cannot help the body fight infections cause children with the disease to often get infections and have fevers (National Cancer Institute, 2002, p. 1). The symptoms that the patient with ALL may have depend on the number of abnormal cells of the patient where exactly the cells collect. Children patients with ALL have low amounts of healthy red blood cells and platelets, which cause less oxygen to be carried through the body because of the lack of red blood cells. Patients at times may look pale, feel weak, and tired causing bleeding and bruising very easily because of their lack of enough platelets. This condition is called anemia. Anemia is very much common in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fever, fatigue, bone or joint pain, tiny red spots under the skin called petechiae are a couple of symptoms that the disease ALL has. Headaches with, or without vomiting also may occur if patient happens to have abnormal cells collecting in the brain or spinal cord (National Cancer Institute, 2002 para. 2).

This anemia results in fatigue and a number of the following problems;pain episodes, strokes, susceptibility to bacterial infections, particularly in children, leg ulcers, bone damage, yellow eyes or jaundice, early gallstones, lung blockage, increased infections, kidney damage and loss of body water in urine, painful erections in men, blood blockage in the spleen or liver, eye damage, low red blood cell counts (anemia), and delayed growth.

Blood transfusions are another option. This can increase the number of red blood cells that cause anemia and makes the body weak and it can fight off other complications from the disease. Gene therapy is a newer treatment that inserts a normal gene into the bone marrow of a person with sickle cell anemia hoping for a result of normal hemoglobin but this process is still in an experimental stage.

Conferring to the case study 1 of Ms. A, who is suffering from iron deficiency anemia. “People who experience iron deficiency anemia lack adequate iron required to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin supports red blood cells in carrying oxygen all through the body” (Mayo Clinic, 2014). In this presentation, the writer will provide rationales where Ms. A is presenting signs and symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Some of the client education for this type of anemia would be dependent upon the reason for the deficiency. Education would be needed on options for dietary replacement of this vitamin. A list of foods high in B12 should be given, also clear instructions on dosage and self-administration of oral B12 supplements. Medications to avoid should also be included in education. Risks associated with not replacing B12 should be discussed. The patient should be educated on possible side effects and also symptoms of

Cases with more mutated genes will have frequent blood transfusions. If it is severe, they will obtain the transfusions every two weeks. Unfortunately, too many transfusions can cause and iron buildup; patients with too much iron will need to take medications to remove the excess iron. Thalassemia patients can have a stem cell transplant. This is a bone marrow transplant to eliminate the need for future transfusions. A person receiving a bone marrow transplant must have a compatible donor (usually a sibling). There are ways to treat Thalassemia without having to go to a doctor/specialist. Cases with Thalassemia Minor can avoid excess iron, eat a healthy diet, and stay away from infections--easier said than done (mayoclinic.org). There are options for a health care team to discuss options for treatment with patients in order to help understand the disorder better and cope . If a person has Thalassemia and wants to have children, it is highly recommended to talk to a genetic counselor--this is a form of gene therapy

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low red blood cell count or mass (hemoglobin). This can be caused by blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or increased red cell destruction. Some common forms of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid disease, and liver disease. Patients with certain blood or bone marrow cancers may also develop anemia. Individuals with anemia often develop symptoms of when their hemoglobin is very low or there is a rapid drop in hemoglobin.

Sickle Cell is an inherited form of an abnormal red blood cell disorder. Sickle cell anemia is when your body produces abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) which is found in red blood cells. The abnormally shaped red blood cells are shaped in a crescent like form, this makes them sticky and rigid and prone to getting trapped in small vessels, which blocks blood flow to important parts of the body, this is how Sickle cell got its name. Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal copies of the hemoglobin gene, which is found in chromosome 11 in both parents. Hemoglobin or Haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cell of all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates. There are seven different types of sickle cell.

Iron deficiency anemia is quite common in children, as iron is needed to support growth. A lack of iron in the diet can cause delays in brain development, which may be irreversible. Common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include irritability, palor, weakness, and cold hands and feet. Prevention of anemia is crucial for expectant mothers, as anemic women are at a higher risk for delivery complications such as hemorrhaging and having infants of low-birth weight. (Frantz, C. 2010).