Hermann Ebbinghaus: Biography and Studies

In the last half century several theories have emerged with regard to the best model for human memory. In each of these models there was a specific way to help people recall words and

He went on to the University of Leipzig in 1865 where he started to gain a reputation for his essays on 6th century poets. In May of 1869, Nietzsche was offered a position as a professor at the University of Basel although he met none of the formal qualifications usually required. He took the position and was named a university professor at the young age of 24, showing his astonishing brilliance and intelligence. At 25, he served as a hospital attendant during the Franco-Prussian War. It is thought that he may have contracted a syphilitic infection from the war.

Attended Harvard and he graduated 21st of 177. He studied in the fields of sciences, German, rhetoric, philosophy, and ancient languages. (1876-1880)

Psychology is a branch of philosophy until the late 1870’s when it was developed in Germany and the United States as an independent scientific punishment. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory and dedicated it to psychological research in Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt was also the first person to be referred as a psychologists. Early sponsors to the psychology field are Hermann Ebbinghaus, who is the pioneer in the study of the memory. William James, who is the father of pragmatism. Ivan Pavlolv, who had develop the procedures that is associated with classical conditioning, which is the learning process which an innate responses to a stimulus that comes to be elicited in response to a neutral stimulus. In 1890, Hugo Munsterberg began writing the application of psychology to production, law and other fields. Also in 1890 Lightner Witmer had established the first psychology clinic.

The hypothesis that in Experiment 1, words at the beginning and end of a list would be better remembered while in Experiment 2, words at the beginning would be better remembered, was partially rejected, while still being partially true. The hypothesis that a delay would in fact make a difference was supported. In both tests, words in the first third seemed to be remembered by significantly more of the participants. However despite the predictions, words in the last third of experiment 1 seemed to be not significantly more than words in the middle third. experiment2 did seem to fit with the hypothesis, as the words at the start seemed to be higher than the rest, but there was a absurdity on word 16, “ocean,” which was recalled 7 out of the 9 times. Apart from this, experiment 2 seemed to support the hypothesis.

1734- Christian Wolff believed in the idea of “Faculty Psychology.” This idea was that the mind could be better developed through mental discipline. Being repetitive of basic skills helped to mold the mind. These beliefs had a lasting impact on American Education.

Burgess and Hitch (1999) added to and tested the original model of the phonological loop. They created multiple lists: one with the combination of short and long words, one with short words, and one with long words. Burgess and Hitch predicted that the short list would have a higher recall rate, while the long list would take longer to memorize. However, the mixed list would take less time to recall but longer time to memorize (Burgess & Hitch,1999).

After all, what purpose would it serve to put in a great deal of time and effort studying something if you are unable to recall any of it? It is essential for students as well as educators to learn about the reasons why distributed practice is more effective than massed practice since students tend to cram last-minute information, only to pass an exam. The perfect example exemplifying the cons of cramming would again be shown by Hermann Ebbinghaus. In 1885, Ebbinghaus tested his own memory using nonsense syllables. His theory was that any information that is learned is forgotten progressively throughout days and weeks. (MIND MARKER JOURNAL) In this study, Ebbinghaus developed a forgetting curve. The forgetting curve illustrates how much information is forgotten as time progresses. Within a small amount of time, we begin to forget a significant amount of information that is presented to us. Cramming is no exception. If we fail to review the material we are receiving, we forget it quickly. Spaced repetition is a method used to ensure that our memory becomes strengthened around the subjects we are attempting to learn, in order to have improved retention results. Overall, spaced studying has continuously proven to lead to markedly enhanced final-test performances, compared with massed performances (Long

Verbal short term memories encode and represent information in a phonological form in immediate memory. This was highly supported by Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) working memory model. Baddeley and Hitch introduce the “phonological (articulatory) loop”, a mechanism in the short term memory which helps in the retention of verbal information temporarily. (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). As these mechanisms are heavily dependent on the phonological systems, they have brought about inefficiencies in memory encoding bringing about various effects which includes phonological similarity effect ( difficulty in recall due to similar sounding words), word length effect (recall to be more difficult with long words than short words), the unattended speech effect

When Eichmann was older, after failing his engineering studies, he worked for his father’s small mining company. A while later, he quit that job and worked for an electrical construction company. He later quit that job too, and worked as a traveling salesman

My claim is that all of humanity has evil inside themselves, but some hide that evil ore than others. For example, in the poem by Stephen King, the author suggests there are monsters within all of us. Sometimes they can stay hidden, but “sometimes they win”. The monsters in everyone come out sometimes. To add on, the poem, “All There Is to Know About Adolph Eichmann” by Leonard Cohen has the same concept. Cohen lists characteristics of a normal person. After, he says, “What did you expect”, and continues to list characteristics. However, the second set of characteristics describes the features of a stereotypical monster. As explained in the poem, not all monsters have talons and green saliva. The worst monsters look just like everyone else.

To begin, Lichtenberg was born in December 3, 1875 at Ohlau in the “Prussian province of Silesia” where he grew up a normal childhood, being the second oldest of five siblings and, of course, went to school. His town had a

Thirteen responses mentioned that repetition is one of the best ways to enhance learning. “If you listen more than once it sticks in your head and therefore you remember it better.” This comment describes how repetition can assist in enhancing the amount of information learnt. Many people related the research question to music and mentioned that the repetition of the chorus is why it’s the most commonly remembered part of a song.

One of the oldest memorization methods is chunking. This is taking items into groups called trunks, so that they can easily be memorized. These way individuals can improve how they remember the items by their larger association. A common chunking example is phone numbers. It would be hard for an individual to remember single numbers 5-3-6-1-8-9-2 but it easier to remember 536-1892. This was the assertion of psychologist who believed that individuals could only store five (5) to nine (9) items, while having the ability to hold four (4) chunks of information. Therefore, chunking information increases the capacity of memory to hold more

Once upon a time, there was a German Knight named Fritz Obermueller, whose Father was a blacksmith named Dietrich. His Mother was named Elisabeth. He was in the Treehouse Coffee ‘N’ Cake Shoppe, which belonged to King Adolf, the German King. Fritz was sipping his cappuccino with Elsese, the German Princess. He was in Hamburg, away from his parents in Frankfurt because he was one of King Adolf’s Knights. Therefore, he was granted a free coffee every day. He wanted revenge from the French Prince, Pendragon, because he had beaten them in the last battle. Well, guess who came to Hamburg that day. It was pendragon, and he was looking more fearsome than ever. His arms and legs were jacked.