Herpes B Research Paper

     Herpes, from the ancient Greek meaning to creep or crawl, is the name of a family of viruses of which herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most serious human pathogens. HSV-1 is normally associated with orofacial infections and encephalitis, whereas HSV-2 usually causes genital infections and can be transmitted from infected mothers to neonates. Both viruses establish latent infections in sensory neurons and, upon reactivation, cause lesions at or near point of entry into the body.

The spread of herpes may be attributed to a variety of activities ranging from touching and kissing to more intimate activities such as vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse. The time when the virus is most likely to be spread is when the sores, such as cold sores or fever blisters, are open and weeping, during this time the virus may be spread from one partner to another or from one part of the body to another. Although the chance of getting genital herpes from an infected partner whom has no symptoms are only about 10 out of every hundred or 10 percent. It is unlikely, however, that contact with toilet seats, moist towels or similar objects spread herpes. The most commonly infected areas are moist areas of the mouth, anus, vulva, vagina, penis, or the eyes.

Jaax promoted to work in Level 4 Biosafety containment area at USAMRIID (commonly referred to as “the Institution”), and assigned to research the Ebola virus. Monkeys were used to research Ebola’s effects on humans, hopefully, provide clues to its whereabouts, and develop a cure. Veterinarians who supervised the monkeys, send tissue samples to Jaax and her colleagues, who determine that if an illness is a strain of Ebola. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) decide to enter “The Monkey House” to destroy the animals to avoid a potentially worldwide epidemic. This entire site was regarded as a “Hot Zone”, and hundreds of monkeys were killed. During the said approach, a number of incidents occurred and delayed the approached. This included a ventilated suit running out of battery power and a monkey waking up on the operating table then biting a soldier. Fortunately, the facility was sterilized so the scientists may resume

Scientists could predict how many people could die in a period of time. Since 1966, way before Dugas become a sexually active, scientist trace the virus not only in US, but also in places such as Haiti and Africa. Scientists took samples of blood from 1959, 1960 and bodies from 1908 they found the HVI virus in those samples. Beatrice Hahn, a professor from University of Pennsylvania, help to search for a much earlier Patient Zero, by taking it to Africa, and turning back the clock on a series of virus mutations and pinpointing with a diverse viruses such as SIV (simian immune virus), AGM (African green monkey) among many more of cross-species spillover (term scientists use to describe a moment a virus in one specie passes to other spice) in a jungle in Cameroon. A virus hunter, Nathan Wolfe, professor in human biology in Stanford University, takes it back even farther to an intracellular investigation in monkeys, gorillas, and chimps. Concluding with an intense research in chimps in a different places of West Africa, with a data, samples of major groups of HIV, and viruses from chimps created a model of “chimp Patient zero” hundreds of thousands of years

Numerous species of monkey were infected with the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV). The macaques were the primary group of monkeys infected. “Macaques are physiologically and immunologically similar to humans so there is a significant advantage over rodents and other species. The pathogenic SIV infection of macaques can lead to a disease that is called “simian AIDS;” it is similar in many respects to the disease caused by HIV-1 in humans” (Evans and Silvestri). Using the macaques allows different treatments to occur on the experimental level that cannot be conducted in humans. The treatments have provided and continue to provide “essential information to reach a deeper understanding of the biology of HIV infection and AIDS” (Evans and Silvestri). Non-human primates are easier to use than humans do to the ability to control the timing, dose and route of the virus as well as collecting the samples from tissues that are difficult to collect from humans. Macaques can be infected by vaginal or rectal routes or by oral routes. Macaques have been used to test various “microbicides and vaccines for mucosal protection against HIV acquisition” (Evans and Silvestri). By using non-human primate models for studies of AIDS, many results have been

When a chimpanzee has the virus it is called SIV. A chimpanzee can live safely and unharmed with SIV for a lifetime. Unfortunately the transmission and mutation of the virus likely came from the blood into a cut or consumption of the chimpanzee. The virus then would be passed from human to human through blood, sex, and even breast milk. HIV was discovered in West Africa in 1983 and was shown to bring the carriers life to an end within nine to eleven years after contracting the virus.

Wildlife: Be aware of the monkeys. Don't be fooled by their cute appearance, these animals will bite. Avoid eating food

Herpes is not medicated right away it can form some type of cancer. The regular

There may be a modest likelihood that herpes simplex virus I or II (the categories that commonly lead to cold sores or genital skin lesions, respectively) might end up being passed whenever lesions/sores are not existing. This can be theoretical solely as it would be complicated to confirm this genuinely occurs. It is actually reasonable that affected individuals "shed" the viral strain (which means the virus is generally passed on) with no signs and symptoms. Certain sources analyze this takes place 1% cases per year.

The virus is different from most because rather than being ball-shaped, it is a filovirus, or has tendrils like hair or worms that tangle together. They can also roll up into loops, a very unique trait. The other well-known filovirus is Ebola. Marburg kills one in four humans who receive medical treatment and is so dangerous that the international community immediately tries to identify the source. The best they can do is to hypothesize that it was a "hot" island in western Africa populated by sick monkeys that were trapped and sold in other countries. This is also a popular theory about the origin of HIV and AIDS. The viruses mutate enough to spread from monkeys to humans and can have a catastrophic effect.

HSV-2 can be cause by HSV-1. In HSV-2, the initial infection might occur headaches, fevers, fatigue and muscle pains after an incubation of 3-7 days. In the U.S., about 20 percent of adults carry HSV-2 according to the American Academy of Dermatology(AAD). "Did You Know?" Herpes Simplex Virus | American Skin Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2016. In the area of the genital infection there may be pain, itching, painful urination, discharge from the vagina or urethra, and tender lymph nodes. "Did You Know?" Herpes Simplex Virus | American Skin Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2016. In the area of the genital infection there may be pain, itching, painful urination, discharge from the vagina or urethra, and tender lymph

A bacterium that is called Helicobacter pylori, which causes stomach ulcers, is considered to have been passed on to the Neanderthals by the humans. The bacteria first started infecting the humans that lived in Africa about 88 to 116 thousand years ago. Another disease is called the herpes simplex 2, which is a virus and can cause genital herpes. There is some evidence of this disease that expresses it was transmitted to humans in Africa buy some unknown hominin species that got it from chimpanzees.

Feline herpesvirus is found around the world in both domesticated and wild cats. Cats of all ages can become infected with the virus though it poses the greatest risk for young kittens and for pregnant cats. Persistent feline viral rhinotracheitis has been found to be a risk factor in the development of ocular problems.

There are two transmission cycles for the CHIKV virus: Enzootic and human-vector-human cycle. During epidemic periods incidentally humans serves as the reservoir. Outside this period, the disease also occurs in primates (African green monkey), rodents, and birds. The main vectors involved in the transmission of the disease are the Aedes aegypti, and the Ades albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquito species are characterized by white stripes on their black bodies and legs. The female mosquitoes are the only ones that bite , and therefore play an essential role in the human-vector-human cycle, as male mosquitoes do not bite. They serve as the link between humans and the virus by up taking their blood meal and transferring it to humans. The vast

Although monkeypox was first discovered in laboratory monkeys in 1958, its natural hosts are squirrels and other rodents. People can catch the disease from direct contact with infected animals or humans. Approximately two weeks after exposure an infected person will develop a fever, muscle aches, exhaustion and a rash with raised bumps that last for two to four weeks.