Hi Nyla Nice Post Analysis

The third model of substance use disorders presented is the disease of the human spirit. This model suggests that as we enter the burdens and trials of life and become ungrounded with pain or voids in our lives we allow ourselves to feel pity and open ourselves up to our inwardly sinful nature. “It is at this point that some recoil in horror and become spiritual narcissists: self-centered, unwilling to see any reason to deny the “self” any desire or pleasure” (Doweiko, 2012, p. 357). This model believes that all individuals “all start out with hope, faith and fortitude” but when exposed to the ills of the world some “turn to chemicals to fill the perceived void within or to ease their pain” (Doweiko, 2012, p. 361).

One of the most powerful factors for relapse is stress, since it triggers the sense of drug seeking and craving behavior mostly during the abstinence period. This feeling of stress at the time is predictive of the rehabilitation period. Addicted individuals comparably show increased susceptibility to stressors than others who are not addicted. Examples of relapse inducing stressors include fear, anger, or sadness. Relapse and substance abuse costs and affects the individual, the community, and family in significant ways; it is also measurable through common aspects that include un-employability, loss of productivity, and mental health issues for the user. It also reduces their quality of life as shown through the increased rate of crimes, neglect of children, increase in violence, and dependency on non-familial support systems for

Now this is where choice in very important. Choice works throughout the entire addiction process along with environment and brain chemistry. Addiction is commonly developed in this order. At this point addiction has taken over the over the life of the individual and usually effects anyone close to them. The addict must make the choice to continue along this path or pull out of the situation. Not all addicts have to hit “rock bottom” to overcome their addiction. Addiction can show its self in many different forms and is not the same for everyone. It can effect people in

4. Find the Support You Need. People struggling with emotional distress are at greater risk for developing an addiction to drugs or alcohol if they have not developed coping skills. If you have events or experiences in your past that affect your feelings, find a reliable and healthy source of support.

While most live and go on with life in a pretty average way other choose to live a life where risk is almost the main aspect. Drug and alcohol use for many is a death sentence. What compels people to destroy their lives, their relationships and sometimes their own family? What effect does this have on the Native American population? It has long been known that Aboriginal people suffer from alcoholism in vast numbers but with this paper we will get an in depth look at how this happened and why is it still a problem. We will also see the effects this has on future generations, who grow up in such an environment and even those genetically inclined to such addictive behaviours. And according to the DSM-III-R there is a difference between abuse and dependence, “abuse being one or more of the following occurring in a 12 moths period; failure to fulfill major obligations at work, home or school, substance use in physically hazardous situations, substance related legal problems, and continued use even when suffering social and interpersonal problems because of substance use. Also the symptoms must never have met the criteria for dependence. Dependence on the other hand, is three or more of the following, occurring anytime in the same 12 month period; a need for increased amounts to achieve “high” or diminished effect of particular amount over time, withdrawal when not using or need for something to replace substance when not available,

He assumes that drug addiction originated by younger years adversity in major cases; like many women who are addicted are victims of sexual assault in childhood years. Similar, he tells that males suffered “series of abandonment or severe physical and psychological abuse” (Maté 274) in childhood memory would easily be involved in addiction. According to Mate, drug addicts are usually in a state of unawareness; they can self-harm without feeling pain (274). Maté’s patient, Carl, thirty-six year-old native, angrily hurt himself with a knife as punishment for using cocaine (274). However, people misunderstand that addiction will not happen in families that raise children with a “secure nurturing home” (Maté 275). He argues that it still exists in those secure homes, even though they do not recognize it. In brief, Maté describes the mental factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression which are saddled “from family problem, or from outside circumstance” (274); this pressures can emotionally affect to the process of “endorphin-liberating interaction with their children” (Maté 275). He thinks children would rely on opiates to comfort their deepest emotions; it would be a best solution to escape their lonely world. For that reason, Maté confirms addicts usually blame themselves for “stupid decision” (Maté 275) after being suffered of drug starvation. In the last paragraph, Maté concludes his essay by stating “that is the great wound of all” (275),

The user can no longer make rational decisions on where and how much he or she should consume. “This may be the point where an alcohol or drug user is nearing full blown addiction” (Fleeman, 2004).

Abuse can occur in a range of situations and can lead to the exploitation of, or serious harm to, those involved. Particular groups or individuals can be more at risk to abuse or harm to self or others because they are deemed as particularly vulnerable. Factors which can contribute to vulnerability are; role reversal, history of abuse, being dependent upon another individual or due to the lack of support networks available. There are circumstances and risk factors which make an individual at greater risk of abuse such as; mental health needs because they may not understand what is right or wrong, higher dependency because they simply cannot care for themselves, substance misuse because they may not be in the right frame of mind or be more vulnerable because they are desperate to source further drugs, or communication difficulties because they cannot communicate their needs or wishes. Further factors could include;

Although, there are many efforts to reduce the stigma of addiction, false concepts among individuals still persist. Many individuals may describe drug addicts as “people who are morally weak and cannot control their impulses”, or simply just “people who cannot get their life together”. Such misconceptions suggesting that

Drug addiction is something that everyone is vulnerable to, and that unfortunately is something that many people are going through in today’s society. Everyone is exposed to drug addiction, no matter what, it’s just up to the person to determine if they have a strong enough will power to not take the drugs. However, drugs are available to anyone who is willing to buy them, and many people are willing to spend everything they have in order to buy drugs that might give them temporary relief of a situation that they are currently struggling in; drugs are many people’s escape from the reality they are forced to be in. People have different reasons as to why they start using and abusing drugs; some may choose to do it simply because they like the feeling the drugs causes or occasionally because of the environment or situation the person was or is in, but I mostly think it’s because the person isn’t strong enough to stop taking the drugs or to say no to them.

A person’s inability to ascend a level of needs may cause frustration and succumb to drug abuse as a mean to increase self-worth, thus creating a false sense of accomplishment and lead to further their abusive habit. Drug abuse could result in a collapse of the hierarchy as drug abuse can affect a person at any level.

These situations trigger great quantities of stress, a common prompt for substance abuse and relapse.

Addiction is formed by an initial choice fueled by external beguiling factors. From the time we are born, we know absolutely nothing, our minds are a blank slate. In fact, according to Jean Piaget’s cognitive stages of development, the mind does not begin to think abstractly from concrete ideas or reason until the final stage (formal operational), which lasts all the from age twelve and on. Because of this, we can deduce that at any age in our development, we are susceptible to external factors influencing our behavior. With that being said, a person’s decision to participate in the use of any substance is influenced by much more than their knowledge that it is “wrong”. Peer pressure, stress, curiosity or even medical practices can ignite the choice to abuse substances. The majority of addictions that begin in the pre-teen and teenage years stem from their exposure to drugs and alcohol in the media, many even claim that

Understanding the key causes that results with negative effects is key to helping individuals return to a healthy life styles. Stress is a key contributor for individuals to become codependent people, especially when it results out of a dysfunctional or even over loving feeling. According to the Recovery Ranch based on relationship dynamics one can put their own needs aside to accommodate or please others to avoid conflict, rejection, an abandonment. With this just based on the relationship dynamic as a cause the effect is

Sub details-Addiction many times reaches a point in which addicts are not only harmful to themselves but others around them as well.