The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels: Part A Blood Vessels Delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at heart Arteries: carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus Capillaries: contact tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs Veins: carry blood toward heart Structure of Blood Vessel Walls Lumen Central blood-containing space Three wall
how blood vessel radius affects blood flow rate. * To understand how vessel radius is changed in the body. * To understand how to interpret a graph of blood Bessel radius versus blood flow rate. * To understand how blood viscosity affects blood flow rate. * To list the components in the blood that contribute to blood viscosity. * To explain conditions that might lead to viscosity changes in the blood. * To understand how to interpret a graph of viscosity versus blood flow
system apply concepts in physics as the blood circulates through the entire system? The circulatory system’s main objective is to transport blood throughout all the necessary parts of the body. The blood in effect transports nutrients and oxygen to these body parts and wastes away from these body parts to the organs that excrete them out of the body. The heart is the nerve centre of the circulatory system. This is so as it is this organ that pumps the blood that carries both the nutrients and wastes
hypertension is high blood pressure that doesn’t have a known secondary cause. It is also denoted as primary hypertension. It is the result of interaction between genetics and environment. Hypertension is defined as elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure where the blood pressure is consistently above 140/90. It is caused by an increase in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both. Increased heart rate or stroke volume raises cardiac output. Increased blood viscosity or reduced vessel diameter
EXERCISE 5 Cardiovascular Dynamics O B J E C T I V E S 1. To understand the relationships among blood flow, pressure gradient, and resistance 2. To define resistance and describe the main factors affecting resistance 3. To describe Poiseuille’s equation and how it relates to cardiovascular dynamics 4. To define diastole, systole, end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, stroke volume, isovolumetric contraction, and ventricular ejection 5. To describe Starling’s Law and its application to cardiovascular
Blood pressure is the blood's exerted force against an area of the blood vessel wall, its function is to maintain a constant flow in the heart, brain and kidneys, pressure is determined by the pumping force of the heart and the elasticity of cups. Blood pressure has two key factors, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Cardiac output (CG) is the amount of blood that is expelled by the heart in one minute from the left (or right) ventricle into the aorta. Peripheral vascular resistance
Blood pressure regulation and changes occurring after increase in blood pressure Each time the heart pumps, it sends blood all over the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. The strength of the force created as the heart pumps blood into the vessels together with the vessels’ resistance to the blood flow is defined as the body’s blood pressure (Darovic, 2002). A normal range blood pressure (BP) must be between 100-130mmHg systolic (when the heart is beating) and 60-90mmHg
stent. Pathophysiology Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common worldwide condition that is often asymptomatic and often undetected. When the left ventricle contracts it forces blood up and into the aorta distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body. The arterial pressures are exerted for this to occur effectively. Pressures rise and fall in response to baroreceptors that make note of the filling and emptying chambers of the heart. Systolic pressure should measure 120 mm Hg and diastolic
High Intensity Interval Training is type of interval training, an short periods of intense anaerobic exercise with less-intense recovery periods. It is also called ‘’Sprint interval training’’. HIIT is a form of cardiovascular exercise. Normally HIIT exercise vary from 4–30 minutes. High-intensity interval training is characterized by relatively short bursts of vigorous activity, interspersed by low-intensity rest period exercise for recovery. working at the same pace can get person
the flow of blood through vessels is determined by pressure differentials and vascular resistance. There a number of feedback systems which are responsible for the regulation of arterial pressure, dependent on autonomic nerves and circulating hormones. Moreover, depending on the region of the body the vascular resistance is influenced by; level of sympathetic vasomotor nerves, levels of hormones and local factors including metabolites and endothelial factors. Additionally, resistance is dependent