High Dynamic Range Of A Digital Photography Technique

in our multi­feature camera so that it would be at a 3½ star quality. In order to compensate for

The contrast from the darker background to the lightness of the skin tones of the subjects provides a distinct focal area and perspective. It also give a sense of spacial composition both in the distance

A new camera can quickly become out of out of date with the speed that technology is advancing. Many current cinematographers in today’s industry are concerned about where the future of film end up. The endless adaptation is giving film makers a challenge to stay well informed and trained on new advancements within the camera’s. The extinction of the film camera’s is a strong possibility, and is an unfortunate event that may be inevitable. Although it is impossible to replicate the original look of film, digital has too many advantages, therefore the digital takeover is well along the way. As of today, 8K digital cinema is the next wave of the future, as to where the industry will lead after that no one could predict. The art of making film’s is here to stay, the methods of doing so are evolving, producing new techniques and looks from the traditional 35mm film. Digital film is just emerging, but the where the industry will adapt to is

For years, the rage in photography has been color. The old black and white methods of taking pictures were all but forgotten. Over the past little while, new interest in the black and white photos has surfaced. One has to admit there is something magical about these.

each related to a different segment of the image, and uses them to sort out the lightness values of the image. It is therefore proper for improving the local contrast of an image and bringing out more detail.A variant of adaptive histogram equalization called Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) prevents this by restricting the amplification.The form of a picture is rectangular. However, the shape of an eye is round because the rectangular representation contains the round eye; in the fundus image, the dark outside surface part which surroundings an eye appears. In general-purpose histogram equalization, the picture element of dark outside region is added to the histogram, so values of element close this dark outside region were less than the expected ones. CLAHE work on tiny regions, called tiles, while the generic algorithmic program works on the whole image. As the result of extremely dark and bright regions is limited to the local tile, a uniform image can be occur.[1]

such as the scenes with yellow lighting or frequent filter changes. The directors also use

The advent of the digital age has affected not only the production and postproduction of the films, but also the cinema and post-cinema aspects as well. Cinemas now have features like THX or Dolby surround sound, enhancing the cinematic experience, and the IMAX 3D projection system, which has two camera lenses to project two different images simultaneously, simulating a 3d effect, which results in an extremely immersive and engaging experience for the viewer.

Colour is an important element of design and visual storytelling. Usually artists use colour give a particular mood to their work. In the world of video, colour grading is known to be a form of art. In the not so distant past, the post-production process of colour grading could only be done with the use of expensive edit suites, requiring specific equipment. Today, colour grading is accessible to any editor and the tools to accomplish it are found in most video editing programs. It can make the backlot look like a location from a world away. Even a

DLP is the future of Home Cinema Quality projection. However, due to the high cost of manufacturing the chips, LCD and CRt are more viable options on the cost front. The potential drawback of this single-chip DLP technology is that in any given instant, the picture on the screen is not the total image, but is instead rapidly alternating between images consisting of the individual red, green, and blue colors. Thus the eye and the brain play the last critical role in making single chip DLP projectors work, by combining or averaging or integrating the picture, so that the viewer perceives the desired image and not the rapidly flashing momentary components of the image.

in a spatially variant manner because mapping function processes for each individual pixel. Local operators characterized that more satisfactorily than global operators in terms of the detail preservation and compression ratio of the dynamic range. Also, there are two tone mapping model linear tone mapping model and nonlinear tone mapping model. Linear model does not need multiscale decomposition or segmentation of the images into binary or fractional maps, where the problems associated with layer decomposition are not found. Linear model not only interested in making the output images look natural by enhancing pixel intensity more significantly in highlights, but also satisfies high radiance similarity with the ground truth HDR images. The problem appears when using linear model that usually fails when luminance value of a local patch changes abruptly. Also, the dynamic range of the dark region will be compressed at the same rate as the bright pixels, which causes losing details in this patch. Nonlinear model synchronize with the nonlinear relationship between the physical magnitudes of effects and the perceived intensity of the effects. Nonlinear model function depends on instead of linearly compressing the contrast of a patch in an input HDR image, it adopt the local gamma correction strategy which can not only effectively compress the bright pixels but also enhance the dark ones in one hit even in challenging patches Compared with the locally linear model, nonlinear

HDR image given as an input with radiance map I^h, f (.) is the high dynamic range compression operator computes the radiance map in a low dynamic range I^l = f (I^h). An important goal of this method is to decrease the large radiance values and increase small ones. To correctly keep the local structures, however, the monotonic mapping of radiance should be satisfied regarding each pixel’s neighborhood in a small local region, similar to the global tone mapping curves monotone characteristic. Firstly, generate guidance map c according to eq (4) which indicates the area of the input HDR image that should be enhanced or compressed, then divide input HDR image into windows or blocks. Secondly, compare guidance map values in each window with threshold value. Thirdly, determine if linear or nonlinear tone mapping method applied for selected window in image.

A pixel is defined in television terms as the smallest area of a television image that can be shown within the parameters of the certain system. This process is accomplished by firstly analysing the image by using a photoelectric device in a series of horizontal scans from the top to the bottom of the image to create an electrical signal in which the colour and brightness values of the individual picture elements are represented as voltage levels of the respective video waveform; secondly, by transmitting the same respective values of the picture elements in a sequence as voltage levels of a video signal; and finally by reproducing the image of the original scene in a video signal display of parallel scanning lines on a viewing screen(Repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu, 2015) (wiseGEEK, 2015). The most primitive form of televisions relied on a cathode-ray tube to produce images, and operated with an analog signal(Lapin, 2015). As technology has developed over time and broadcast signals transitioned from analog to digital, LCD (liquid crystal display) and plasma televisions were created. These TVs are more compact, are flatter and have crisper pictures than their cathode-ray counterparts because the bulky tube is removed, and in its stead they use a thin grid of pixels to create the images (Repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu, 2015)(Computerhope.com, 2015) (Lapin, 2015)

High dynamic range is a digital photography technique that collect multiple exposures of the same scene where captured with different exposure settings and merged using image editing camera software to create a more realistic image called HDR images. The dynamic range of a scene, image or imaging device is defined as the ratio of the highest to the lowest luminance or signal level. High dynamic range image can capture great dynamic rage that represents the whole tonal range of real-world scenes. HDR image is encoded in a format that allows the largest range of values using floating-point values stored with 32 bits per color channel, but the modern

In the proposed fusion framework, IHS transform is used to separate intensity component from MS images firstly. Then, SFIM and wavelet transform are applied to the intensity component of MS images and the Pan image to build the multi-scale representations which include the low- and high frequency sub-images in different scales, While SFIM can effectively preserve images’ spectral properties. Since the low- and high-frequency sub-images obtained from wavelet decomposition have different information of images, we process low- and high frequency sub-images with different strategies. At last, the inverse wavelet transform (IWT) and inverse IHS transform are applied to perform the fusion tasks. The visual and statistical analysis on the experimental results for Worldview-2 images shows the effectiveness of our proposed method.

It is effortlessly convert HD recordings like 8k, 1080P, HD and 4K and so on