High Incidence Of Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Type II diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects the way the body uses glucose. With diabetes, the body can resist the effect of insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to preserve a glucose level within normal limits. Type II diabetes is becoming much more common than before and the occurrence is growing. Approximately 23.5 million people in the United States are living with type II diabetes (Fesselle, 2010).

In the novel, The Outsiders, by S.E. Hinton, the story revolves around two social groups and the different choices the individuals make in each group. As the role of the narrator and main character, Ponyboy explains to readers how different factors, internal and external, affect the individual in the two groups, Greasers and Socs. These factors affect the choices they make in different situation, leading to different consequences. One characters from the Greasers that let their internal emotions and expectation drive their decisions is Ponyboy. Another character from the Greasers that let external factors and stereotype threats affect his choices is Dally. Last, but not least, Cherry, a character from the Socs, lets the external factor take over even though she doesn’t feel like she fits into what the external expectations are. Internal emotions and external stereotypes affect the choices of individuals in each social group which leads to different consequences for each.

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

With over 30 million people having diabetes, the prevalence is continuing to rise. An estimated 200,000 American youth are effected by type 1 diabetes and 40,000 new cases are diagnosed each year¹. The rate for type 1 diabetes in youth has increased by 1.8% each year. In comparison, the prevalence for type 2 diabetes in youth has increased at a rate of 4.8% annually². No matter whether diabetes is type 1 or type 2 in children, family involvement is essential for optimal outcomes³.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The Insulin resistant patients are growing continuously in american children. New management strategies are helping minorities with diabetes live long and healthy lives. Diabetes is one of the most common known diseases in the african american community today. It’s associated with serious complications, but timely diagnosis and treatment. About 208,000 young black people in the united states under age 20 had diabetes both type 1 diabetes 2 in 2012. Scarcely Type 2 diabetes are increasing in children and adolescents. The frequency of diabetes in today society coincides with the food consumption, lack of exercise and lack of signs symptoms. Children who are of a minority in modern society tend to be more two times more likely to have diabetes mellitus , than any other child in the world.

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that is affecting children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height and can result in serious medical conditions. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past ten years. Childhood diabetes has been on the rise since the early 90’s and continues to rise. In the article, “Don’t Blame the Eater” David Zinczenko, shows that “ Before 1994… only about 5 percent of childhood cases were obesity-related, or Type 2, diabetes. Today...Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of new childhood cases of diabetes in this country” (463). Type 2

Type-2 diabetes is a concerning even more, its an increasing issue in our New Zealand community. In 2006 the Ministry of Social Development surveyed a sample of male, female adults and children to see what percentage of them were classified as obese. In 2006-2007 at least 25% of the sample of adults were classified as obese whereas 6-8% of children were also classified. By 2013/2014 there was a 3.3 percentage increase in male samples and a 2.8 percent increase in the female sample of classified obesity. The sample of children all together increased by 8.0-8.8 percent. This shows us that gradually the communities classified obesity rate is increasing. Obesity is found to be a link to increasing the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. 90% of diabetic patients are classified as obese. It is evident that as the obesity rate has raised in New Zealand so has the risk of type-2 diabetes.

“A major concern at this time is the rapid climb in incidence of Type 2 diabetes, with prevalence now estimated at about 9% (18 million) of the population greater than 20 years of age.” Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are commonly associated (Gould & Dyer, 2011). In addition to the two types of diabetes, there are signs and symptoms that are easily detected and some that develop after diagnosis.

Type 2 diabetes is A very prominent issue in our community, usually it is older people who get it, however it is becoming an increasing issue as younger children are getting it. “ In 1996 approximately 81,000 people in New Zealand were known to have Type 2 diabetes. By 2011, these numbers have dramatically increased to over 156,000 people in New Zealand diagnosed.” 1 Overall, diabetes is becoming a bigger and bigger threat to our community. Looking at america however it is worse, “Results from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 16 to 17 percent of children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 years had a BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the age- and sex-specific BMI— about double the number of two decades ago.” 2 This data is effectively saying 17% of adolescents between 2 and 19 have a bmi that is 95% higher than everyone else, this means that almost ⅕ of America 's population is overweight and or obese. With more and more sugar being introduced into food, this number is increasing and if nothing is done about it it will eventually make it so it will be opposite, that only 17% of the population of people between 3 and

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects how an individual’s body metabolizes glucose (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Scobie, McLean, & Samaras, 2014; Spears, Schub, & Pravikoff, 2015; WebMD, 2016c). People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes do not produce a sufficient amount of insulin to keep up with the demands of the body; which leads to hyperglycemia (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Scobie et al., 2014; Spears et al., 2015; WebMD, 2016c). Glucose is the main source of energy humans use and insulin makes it possible for cells of the body to use glucose properly. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 33% of individuals in the United States (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Todkar, 2016). However, due to its insidious nature, many people go undiagnosed until serious complications arise (Blair, 2016; Franks, 2012; Scobie et al., 2014; Spears et al., 2015; WebMD, 2016c). Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include migraines, weight changes, polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurred vision, numbness, and frequent infections (Scobie et al., 2014; Spears et al., 2015; Todkar, 2016; WebMD, 2016c). There are five commonly used tests of diagnosing type 2 (Blair, 2016; Scobie et al., 2014; Spears et al., 2015). Diagnostic tests are for testing for type 2 diabetes are provided (see Appendix). This paper will discuss causes and risk factors, complications, management, and coping with the disease.

Type 2 diabetes, diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels in the bloodstream; usually caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or the inability of the body to use it efficiently. This condition occurs mostly in adults, but it can also appear in children, teenagers, and young adults. Considered one of the fastest growing health problems in the United States, diabetes now affects 29.1 million people, where only 21.0 million are diagnosed and 8.9 million are undiagnosed (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Dana Dabelea et. al (2014) reported that from 2001 to 2009, cases of diabetes among youth increased 35% in different regions of the United States, including California, Colorado, Ohio, South Carolina, Washington, Arizona and New Mexico. Overall, in 2010 the US Census recorded that 24.0% of the population are youth under the age of 18 from which about 0.25% of those children have been diagnosed with diabetes in 2008 and 2009 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). More recent data indicates that the number of prevalence among youth continues to increase, and in 2014, about 20,000 children had type 2 diabetes (Narasimhan and Weinstock, 2014). Yet, even though there are still discussions on the different tools used to diagnose type 2 diabetes, it is prevalent most commonly among the minority population, but efforts to educate

T2D is the most common type of diabetes where the body does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels or the insulin produced does not work effectively. According to AHA (2015), “diabetes contributes to over 230,000 U.S deaths per year” (p.1), however, many people are not aware they have the disease as it usually develops slowly over time and may already have developed health complications associated with T2D. There are non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for T2D.

Type 2 Diabetes in children and adolescents is an emerging epidemic within the last 20

However it can be prevented or treated at an early stage if detected. Type 2 diabetes can be managed by following a proper balanced diet and regular exercise. Earlier research( Leontis, L. and Hess-Fischl, A.) demonstrated that the symptoms of diabetes are as follows: excessive thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, extreme tiredness and sudden loss of muscle mass. If a person is overweight then weight loss can help to improve the extent of diabetes symptoms. Diabetes has many complications associated with it like-: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eye disease, nerve damage which raises risk of amputation. (Mantzoros, C. 2006)

Type II diabetes is a serious problem that has been increasing over the years. The CDC predicts that by the year 2050 one in every three US adults could have diabetes. Type II diabetes, happens when the body gradually loses its ability to use or produce insulin, this is the leading cause of cases of diabetes. A person with diabetes has a lot of risk factors that come with this disease. Patients with diabetes have a two to four time greater chance of having a stroke and also having a heart disease related death. Diabetes is the leading cause of new blindness and non traumatic amputations.