High Mortality Rates Among Men Essay

It has been proven that smoking is the cause of 30% of general cancer deaths and 80% of lung cancer deaths in the U.S. Lung cancer has also been found to be the biggest cause of cancer deaths among breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. This year alone, 190,500 of about 600,900 cancer deaths will be caused by smoking tobacco. This means that one in every three cancer patients will die due to tobacco products. In fact, smoking tobacco caused such high amounts of lung cancer that tobacco companies are legally required to include a surgeon general’s warning that outlines the potential of developing cancer on their packaging. The numbers and warnings of smoking-related lung cancer can be seen everywhere from statistics to the companies themselves being held liable for the illnesses their products

According to statistics in the 20th century the world over 100 million people died of tobacco-related diseases. However, the proportion of smokers has not decreased, or even increased due to the limited understanding of the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, knowledge is limited.

According to the Healthy People 2020, each year, approximately 480,000 Americans die from tobacco-related illnesses. Further, more than 16 million Americans suffer from at least one disease caused by smoking. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The effect of cigarette smoking is alarming. Use of tobacco in the form of smoking is not only dangerous to the one who is smoking but also to a non-smoker. Tobacco harms a human physically and mentally. Major cause of lung cancer is smoking. It is important to prevent the use of tobacco because it is the largest preventable cause of diseases and death in the United States. According to Chin, Hong, Gillen, Bates and Okechukwu (2012) Blue-collar workers smoke at higher rates than white-collar workers and

For over 50 years, the Surgeon General has been warning about the dangers of tobacco use and smoking. The most recent report, The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General, offers information and statistics related to the monetary costs and physical dangers of smoking. Although the number of people who smoke has declined, if the current rates remain the same, nearly 6 million Americans who are alive today and under the age of 18 will die prematurely from a disease related to smoking. Additionally, half of the people today who continue to smoke will die prematurely due to a smoking-related condition.

Smoking is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The exposure to tobacco smoking negatively impacts the health of an individual over time by increasing the risks of developing diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems (Ministry of Health, 2005). In particular, smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. With repeated exposure, inhalation of tobacco into the lungs causes a build up of tar, altering lung tissue (Cockerham, 2007; Marmot and Wilkinson, 2006). This direct use of tobacco accounts for the death of 5 million people around the world. In the United States, 444,000 deaths per year are attributed to smoking, were 13 years of life lost for a male smoker and 14.5 years lost for a female (Cockerham, 2007; WHO, 2012). In New Zealand, tobacco use is the main cause of preventable death, contributing to around 4600 deaths

There are adults who are frequent daily smokers and adults who practice infrequent smoking. Those adults who have practiced infrequent smoking has shown that it can remain a stable pattern that lasts a long period of time, but that it also poses substantial health risk with adverse outcomes paralleling dangers observed among daily smoking. “Cigarette smoking still causes about three in ten cancer deaths among American adult. A total of 568,191 American

Lung cancer was once a very rare disease, this disease was so rare that doctors thought that it was a once-in-a-lifetime oddity. Towards the end of the 19th century cigarettes and tobacco become popularised, causing a global lung cancer epidemic. In 2014, an estimated 221,000 adults in the United States will be diagnosed with lung cancer, (115,610 men and 105,590 women). Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the US. The one-year survival rate is 44%, the five-year survival rate is 17% (cancer). The cigarette is the deadliest artifact in the history of humans. Cigarettes cause around 1 lung cancer death per 3 or 4 million smoked, this is why the epidemic is so large today. Cigarettes cause about 1.5 million

Lung cancer leads with both the number of diagnostics and deaths of cancer. Although it is typically caused by smoking, Lauren developed lung cancer because of the harmful chemicals and radiation that she was exposed to on a daily basis. She began to experience a cough that would not go away, chest pain, wheezing, shortness of breath, and even coughing up bloody phlegm. Some patients are lucky. Cancer is caught in the first or second stage, but because the symptoms are not common or regular until a later stage, it sometimes goes undetected until it is too late. Lauren was diagnosed with stage 3 because she was unable to detect any problems early on. In Jane E. Brody’s article, “Screening, and Enabling, Smokers” she interviewed Dr. Russell P. Harris, who stated, “’At best,’ he said, ‘screening might reduce lung cancer deaths by 8,000 a year. But in the year 2000 alone, smoking cessation reduced lung cancer deaths by 70,000’” (Brody 1). Cancer is not a death sentence, and one can often prevent it from developing in extremely simple ways. If it is not prevented, cancer patients go through a number of symptoms that drastically affect their life, and their loved ones’ lives. The first symptom begins with drowsiness and loss of energy.

The harmful effects of smoking are well known. Smoking increases the chances of chronic disease’s for example Lung Cancer, with 90% of these cases being caused by smoking (Cancer Research UK 2009). Responsible for 5200 lives per year, the huge financial burden on the National

Godtfredsen, Prescott, Osler, N.E.M. (2005). The effect of smoking reduction on lung cancer risk. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 1505-1511

‘’ Tobacco smoking is the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia” (Cancer Council, 2006). The 2003 Australian Burden of disease study considers tobacco smoking as a leading cause of disease burden in Australia (Begg S, 2003). Anti-Cancer Council of Australia conducted its first national survey which shows that during the middle of last century, large numbers of males aged 16 and over were smokers and compared to females. However, in the following decades, the prevalence of smoking decreased among males due to publicity regarding health effects of smoking which first started in 1950s and early 1960s (Gray N and Hill D, 1975). According to the survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of statistics in

In the article, “Why Do Men Die Earlier” it forms a good statement, and research about why men die earlier than women. I agree with the author that men die at a younger age than women, because I think men do more physical work than women, but sometimes women do more.

According to the US Department of Health and Services, More than 380,000 12-to-13-year-olds and almost four million 14-to-17-year-olds have smoked cigarettes at least once (Johnston, 2014, p.1). He also explained that the numbers of smokers between cigarettes, hookahs. E-cigarettes are increasing in the past few years between adults and teenagers (Johnston, 2014, p.3). I'm also concerned because my dad and my three brothers smoke more than 2 packs of cigarettes a day. Now let's discuss the causes of lung cancer.

Lung Cancer is partly preventable with smoking cessation and it is slowly decreasing in the developed countries because of the many campaigns against tobacco addiction developed in the last decades but this is not the case in developing countries. In addition, we are observing a growing amount of lung cancer in females. (Ferlay et al. 2008), (Le Chevalier).

The November 1956 edition of the British Medical Journal published Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death in Relation to Smoking: a Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors. Doll and Hill’s first study was limited due to the small number of deaths that occurred during the follow-up period (n=36). By 1956, an additional 82 deaths had occurred which were attributed to lung cancer. With an additional two years of data, Doll and Hill were interested in rate-ratio of lung cancer associated with smoking, as well as any other associations that might be observed. Doll and Hill found that the rate of death of lung cancer non-smokers was about 0.07 per 1000, compared to the lung cancer death rate in heavy smokers of 1.66 per 1000. These death rates showed that heavy smokers were more than 20 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers, an enormous rate-ratio that was not fully appreciated at the time (p-value < 0.01), and that the ex-smokers received additional protection from lung cancer mortality compared to current smokers (p-value <0.02). Doll and Hill also noted that smokers were 6 times more likely to have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis compare to non-smokers. At the conclusion of their study, Doll and Hill reported that in their cohort of physicians there was a strong association between lung cancer mortality and smoking