In urban priority school districts, educators emphasize the importance of graduation. The expectation of all educators should be that every child can learn and will graduate. It is through graduation that society begins to combat poverty. In New Haven Public Schools, where graduation rates are higher than comparable districts in the state of Connecticut, they are not inclusive of all public school students. It is through collaboration with the University of Chicago and the Consortium on School Research that freshman on-track indicators have been defined and implemented in one high school in the city. It is the purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of the use of early warning indicators to increase the high school graduation …show more content…
Research Questions
What are the freshman on-track rates for the current 12th grade students and all subgroups contained within the cohort; and are there discrepancies in subgroups? How do these rates compare to the current ninth grade cohort?
How do current 12th grade students who were on-track per the defined freshman on-track
Indicators in their ninth grade compared to the current ninth grade cohort upon their graduation in 2021, and according to all identified subgroups?
To what extend is the freshman on-track indicator a predictor of high school graduation, college enrollment, and college persistence with both of these cohorts of graduates?
Literature Review
Success is attainable by all students except when circumstances of one’s environment prevent forward movement. If access to graduation is equitable and attainable, students will be prepared to enroll and persist in college thereby increasing their opportunities for success and high qualities of life. Swanson (2009) reiterates a focus of the Obama campaign on graduate rates as most important because the diploma is not only a source of economic benefit but of preparation for global competitiveness. Increased graduations rates stand to serve an increase in national economy while lifting students most at risk from poverty. The impact of education on poverty is found through increasing access to graduation. Swanson (2009) suggests that attainment of higher levels of education is not enough, the
Andrew Simmons published his article for The Atlantic, “The Danger of Telling Poor Kids that College is the Key to Social Mobility” on January 16, 2014, which raises his concerns that higher education is only being promoted as an opportunity to increase their economic status, when it should be an opportunity to experience an education (Simmons). Through the use of students such as Isabella, Simmons disagrees with the way students now look at higher education and blames the educators through the students’ lives for this view. Instead, Simmons views education as an intellectual opportunity rather than a way to elevate ones economic class which is all people see when they see “higher education.” He believes that education, ambition and work ethic is how you have a satisfying life, not with how much you make. He makes the point that when economics becomes the main goal of education it’s all children begin to think about and they might not pursue something that they are truly passionate about or what they want to learn about, which then does not create an intellectually awakening experience (Simmons).
“What’s the key to success in the United States?”(Steinberg,2010), author Jacques Steinberg starts off his article “Plan B: Skip College” with a powerful question that has been asked by many Americans. Majority of Americans first thoughts would be higher education. The ideology that obtaining a degree is the best and sometimes only way to be successful in the American economy. This has been instilled in numerous children growing up. Steinberg states “perhaps no more than half of who began a four-year bachelor's degree program in the fall of 2006 will get that degree within six years according to the department of education”(Steinberg,2010). Students who tend to not excel in high school often take longer, or at times finish a higher education at all. These
Recently there has been a lot of debate about the importance of college education. Students are asking if it’s worth the debt to attend a four year university or community college. Some are thinking what are the benefits of a degree is in the workforce. With college tuition increasing and state fundings lowering, low income students are struggling to attain a higher education. College institutions should have a role to provide students higher education and equal opportunity to students to increase social mobility yet intergenerational reproduction of privilege has produced inequality in education.
The data will be analyzed to identify any demographic trends. Socioeconomic levels of the participants will vary from low to medium to high since the schools selected for this study are from various socioeconomic areas of the state. This group of participants is representative of the general population of Maryland, the schools from which the participants attend are all scattered throughout the state (rural, city, suburb, poor, middle, wealthy) to control for location differences as well as socioeconomic differences.
In the article “Who Gets to Graduate” by Paul Tough examines a problem about low income students are less likely to graduate from college than students from middle class or wealthier families. In the United States, school systems are not created equally. Middle and upper class students have access to safe and modern schools equipped with everything they possibly need to stay in that high rank because they came from a family who has the money to support their studies. Students from low-income families don’t have a lot of the support, stability, and money from home that higher-income students can take for granted.
Three hundred and seventy-five students will come from the blue ribbon school of Beechwood High School in Fort Mitchell, KY and the other 375 will come from Holmes Middle School in Covington, KY, a non-blue ribbon school. The grades of the participants will range from sixth to eighth grade. The study will consist of all the students in each grade from both high schools.
Fifty years after World War II, higher education in the United States “triumphed” (Lazerson). Higher education was given a substantial amount of money from federal and state governments, which resulted in the realization of the societal benefits of equal educational opportunities (Lazerson). Similarly to today’s society, families reached into their savings accounts and went into debt so that their children could attend college (Lazerson). For the majority of Americans, college was the “route upward”, the route in which was going to make them achieve The American Dream. Jobs that were looking to become prestigious, began requiring higher education, which made it more difficult to obtain a reputable job without it (Lazerson). Although we are living in an era of “opportunity”, higher education is still more of a necessity, rather than a chance to succeed.
Mulhern et al. (2015) quoted, “As part of the special American dream of ‘equal opportunity for all,” public higher education also plays a critical role in seeking to eliminate, or at least narrow, gaps in opportunity between young people born in different socioeconomic circumstance.” If the current climate in higher education continues; it will have a negative impact on narrowing the gap of educating students from lower income families.
The standardization sample was selected from most states in the U.S.A. The total of students who were tested until 1986 was 1,563. The sample in the PIAT-R was focused to be an equal in four areas which are geographic region, gender, socioeconomic status, and race or ethnic group.
College plays an immensely essential part in social reproduction. Most social reproduction theorists and working class citizens this day in age would agree that "A well-educated workforce is vital to our nation 's future economic growth and competitiveness” (Treasury, Education dept.). College also serves as one of the main tools used in reaching milestones throughout one’s life. Many experiences are made as well as relationships and colleagues. Though institutions are making it much harder for those earning wages under the median income line to acquire an education that will provide them careers that will open doors and present new opportunities in their future, it is nevertheless the most sure-shot pathway to success. Providing education to those who really cannot afford it will give them jobs, so their children and future generations under them will never have to worry about paying for college, giving more of motivation for those students to continue reaching their goals.
X students participated in the study. Participants from this study range in age from X years and X months to X years and 0 months. The mean age is X years and X months. X students participated in the study. X males students and X female students participated in the study. 53.83% of students in the building receive Free and Reduced Lunch. Students were selected for this study because participants were placed on this researcher’s special education classroom roster for the 2017-18 school year. No incentive was given for participation in the study. This is an AB design; therefore, students were not assigned to groups.
For the purpose of this paper I reviewed past research articles, both qualitative and quantitative, in order to gain insight on what factors from the past decade contributed to degree attainment and college completion. In the paragraphs that follow I summarize five research articles that examine five articles dated back from 2005 to 2013 analyzing family factors along with personal student factors that played a role in student’s educational futures. The first two will examine factors starting from high school with the first being from an individual stand point and the second from the families stand point. The following three deals with factors that contributes to overall educational achievements, degree attainment and college completion.
of High School students in the United States, India, and China. Based on the statistical data
A concern of the statistical data of high school dropouts is the disparaging number of minority students who drop out of high school in comparison to whites and Asians. A 1993 research by John Hopkins University “flagged 2,000 high schools across the country as potential ‘dropout factories’ because 40 percent or more of their freshmen fail to make it to 12th grade on time” (Viadero, 2004). These schools are in medium and bigger size cities and have a significant black and Latino student population. Florida is the one exception, where many of the failing students are rural white. In 2003, it was estimated that 6 percent of whites, in comparison to 12 percent of blacks had dropped out of school (Child Trend, 2003). The primary reason appears that these school districts have a variety of disadvantages, such as resources and money to improve schools and programs. These schools are located in lower socio-economic communities. However, these disadvantaged students are judged on the same achievement standards as students who live in higher economic districts with better resources and tools.
What percentage of students showed growth in academic areas (mathematics, science, English, social studies) of less than 10%, less than 25%, and less than 50%?