Hildegard Peplau

Peplau utilized both deductive and inductive reasoning in her theory development work (Reed & Shearer, 2011). The deductive reasoning methods used were that Peplau integrated ideas from a number of theories into her theory of interpersonal relations. Influenced by works of Sigmund Freud, particularly his interest in unconscious motivation as well as Harry S. Sullivan’s theory of interpersonal relations all contributed to her development of the theory of interpersonal processes in nursing, For example she refers to Sullivan’s concepts of anxiety, self-system and modes of experiencing. (Peterson & Bredow, 2017). She also incorporated into her theory some elements from developmental psychology and learning theory (Armstrong & Kelly, 1995) and some ideas of the humanistic psychologists, Abraham Maslow, Rollo May and Carl Rogers. (Peterson & Bredow, 2017). For example, Peplau’s systematic approach to establishment of nurse-patient relationship and therapeutic intervention are ideas that resonated with Martha Rogers' theoretical assumptions about human pattern and organization. (Armstrong & Kelly, 1995).

Nurses actively preserve the dignity of people through practiced kindness and respect for the vulnerability and powerlessness of people in their care… This vulnerability creates a power differential in the relationship between nurses and persons in their care that must be recognised and managed.7 A diagram representing a continuum of professional behaviour provides a picture of therapeutic versus non-therapeutic behaviour in the relationship between the nurse and the persons in their care.8

Peplau defines nursing as the therapeutic interpersonal, serial, goal- oriented process. A health-focused human relationship( Meleis, p 165, 2012)

Not all patients are capable of independently identifying and articulate their care needs, so the nurse also adapts the role as an advocate. Clarity and continuity in a trusting environment enables good communication. Progressive identification of needs takes place as nurse and patient communicate with one another in the interpersonal relationship (Peplau 1988, p. 84). Being considerate to the needs and vulnerability of patients is a moral attribute, as nurses are accountable for the care they deliver.

My personal definition of nursing is taking care of my patient as a whole; using my knowledge, being compassionate and caring, respectful and honest. Taking care of the; spiritual, physical and emotional aspect of the patient, and taking into consideration their family and environment. Learning about the different theorists I associate myself the most with Hildegard Peplau. Peplau believed that the relationship between the patient and the nurse was focus of attention, rather than the patient only as the unit of attention. (Chitty & Black p.314-315). Using Peplau’s theory my relationship begins with my patients as strangers and I try to

There are four phases between the nurse and the patient relationship. The phases include orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. In reference to the orientation phase, this is introduced by the nurse. During this phase, the nurse and the patient become familiar with one another, as well as establish a dependable relationship. The following phase, identification, starts to recognize the issues to be incorporated into the relationship. For instance, the main goal is to assist the patient in identifying his or her own responsibilities in the treatment plan, in addition to advocating for interdependence and contribution. During the exploitation phase of the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse and

Nurses demonstrate the value of autonomy by acting on their own intuition daily to improve the quality of all aspects of human life. This is evident when a patient arrives into an urgent care center with an asthma attack. A prudent nurse will act autonomously by giving the patient a nebulizer treatment, place him on oxygen, or take the time to find out if there are standing orders and carry them out without a doctor’s order.

With many theories on nursing, the nurse must determine which approach is best suited to her particular skills and patient population. In 1952 Hildegard E. Peplau presented her theory on interpersonal relations in regard to nursing care and practice, providing a model for nurses to aid patients in healing and overcoming illness through personal interaction (Cherry & Jacob, 2011, p. 96).

The interpersonal theory of nursing by Peplau was examined in accordance with Chinn and Kramer (2011). The purpose of the theory was described to improve the

Nursing theorist, Hildegard Peplau knew that in order to care for patients, the nurse must establish a strong relationship with the patient. This is an essential element in being able to provide adequate planning, diagnosing, and successfully treating patients. Personally, my desire to learn more about Peplau’s theory is because it is a very significant quality to have as a nurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationships with patients early in one’s nursing practice, I can provide the best care possible to meet psychosocial needs as well as treat the present illness. The benefits that creating interpersonal relationships can have on the patients’ health condition and their planned outcomes, is also a very interesting area of focus. Many nursing students today did not understand the importance of Peplau’s theory. They choose a career in nursing because of the finical stability and wide range of options that the career offers. Overall, one cannot forget that nursing is patient centered care.

The professional relationship between doctors and nurses, has often been influenced by power, social status and gender making effective collaboration difficult to achieve. Historically, nursing was regarded as an inferior, arduous occupation, practiced by morally questionable women. McKay and Narasimhan

The research Tanner conducted this review as an update to a review that she previously had. During more in-depth descriptive study, Tanner questioned “ what are the processes used by nurses as they assist patient,selectively attend to clinical

By giving nurses a sense of identity, nursing theory can help patients, managers and other healthcare professionals to recognize the unique contribution that nurses make to the healthcare service (Draper 1990).Hildegard Peplau, one of the role model of nursing theorist, established a theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing. Her reason is the goal of the nurse-client relationship is to give a quality nursing care moving forward to health promotion and maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a basic assessment of her theory.

The first stage of this framework is coming to know the client, which requires the nurse to understand that the personal meaning of health and healing is individualized and the context of this area is highly subjective. Gillespie and Paterson (2009) state that “clinical decision-making processes are triggered by recognition of a cue from a patient” (p. 167). In the case of this patient, the decision was based off a cue; a change

Nursing care resolves around the metaparadigms of person, health, environment and nursing, and without these key concepts, the focus of patient care would suffer. Hildegard Peplau’s theory of psychodynamic nursing helps a nurse understand their behavior and help patients identify their difficulties allowing human relation solutions to the problems nurses of all experiences come across. This paper will identify a situation in my nursing school experience that was particularly meaningful to me. The paper will incorporate the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm and link the situation to Hildegard Peplau’s theory of psychodynamic nursing. Finally, the paper will review your Peplau’s major assumptions and identify how they apply to the situation.