Him420 Quality and Risk Scenario Case Study Essay

During this time, I realized that what I learned in simulation allowed for me to better understand the practices associated with Joe’s blood transfusion and its importance in maintaining his health and safety. I then thought about his nurse’s practice and perceived that she followed what I was perceived as best practice when completing the necessary pre-transfusion checks and talking to him about the procedure. This reflection thereby reinforced to me the importance of following best practice in my future when preforming a blood transfusion, or any patient care for that matter. As many nurses do not follow best practice with transfusions, the importance of addressing pre-transfusion checks, reviewing blood type compatibility, and recognizing the responsibilities that I have from the point of initiation to after completion was further reinforced (Hijji, Parahoo, Hussein, & Barr,

The market of human blood transfusions is broken down into different uses: Elective Surgery, Emergency Surgery and Trauma. However, Hemopure seems to be suitable only for trauma cases due to its characteristics and, again, high price. To understand the reason, it is important to notice that, actually, only 10% of the 500,000 trauma victims receives RBCs “in the field” or at the site of accident, and the remaining 95% of these people does not receive transfusions until they arrive at the hospital. This delay was often cited as a major factor to the 20,000 trauma deaths. Therefore, since the expected market share for Biopure is 25% and assuming that the total blood transfusions remain stable, the potential market size for Hemopure is approximately $350,000,000. This size is based on an average price of $700 multiplied by 2,000,000 units (around 4 blood units are needed for each Trauma case).

People who have Myelodysplastic Syndrome may not experience symptoms at the beginning of the disease. However, there are three main signs that can develop and alert healthcare providers that something is wrong. One of these is a low red blood cell count, or Anemia. Most patients that have myelodysplastic syndromes exhibit this indicator when first diagnosed. A normal red blood count can vary between 4.0 and 6.1 million red blood cells per microliter of blood in the body, depending on the age and sex of the patient. A red blood cell count lower than normal is characteristic of Anemia (Cafasso, Jacquelyn, and Gotter). Not only is Anemia shown by constantly low hematocrit, but it can also be characterized by constantly low hemoglobin. A normal hemoglobin count is between 12.0 and 15.5 grams per deciliter of blood for females, and 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter of blood for males. Levels lower than these show a low hemoglobin level (Mayo Clinic, Hemoglobin Test). Hemoglobin is the protein in blood that carries oxygen to the different tissues in the body.

Another is cost. In Canada the volunteer donor system does not provide enough blood to meet demand which means some supplies must be imported from the US and

Throughout our healthcare career, continuous change is occurring in the healthcare industry. However, this change does not always mean that there is continuous improvement. As healthcare providers, we often do not see the near medication misses, or the sources of harm, we certainly do not see ourselves as a source of injury. So how can we solve the issues of thousands of patients dying or being harmed in equipped, highly trained hospitals? We need to look into high-reliability organizations safety models. We need to be sensitive to operations, reluctant to simplify, aware of catastrophes and predict them instead of reacting to them, ask for advice, and have strength. These characteristics can help to reduce patient safety concerns and potential

Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2071-84.

Synergy Model for Care is considered a high middle range theory as it includes concepts, self-transcendence, resilience and growth and development (McEwen & Wills, 2014 p. 239). Middle range theories were mostly derived from grand theories in order to develop a bridge to clinical practice. A high middle range theory is generalized with fewer concepts than a grand theory and applicable across specialties and different clinical settings. With high middle range theories propositions are clearly defined with testable hypothesis (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 74).

also had a complete blood count, a blood test, as a baseline to assess his overall health. The complete blood count is “To evaluate numerous conditions involving red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This test is also used to indicate inflammation, infection, and response to chemotherapy (Bladh et al., 2013).” T.A.’s abnormal blood results were as follows: RBC 3.3 10^6 cells/microL (low), hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (low), hematocrit 33.2% (low), and mean corpuscular volume 99.7 fL (high). The normal range for RBC should be 3.8-5.81 10^6 cells/microL. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels should be 12.6-17.4 g/dL and 36-52%. Normal mean corpuscular volume should be 79-103 fL. T.A.’s abnormal lab values indicate anemia. A decrease in red blood cell is related to nutrient deficiency such as a deficiency in iron or vitamins that are needed for red blood cell production and maturation. The decrease production or maturation of red blood cells lead to anemia in the patient. A low hemoglobin is associated with an overall decrease of red blood cell count and anemia caused by nutritional deficit of iron, vitamins, and folate. It can also be low due to a decrease level of erythropoietin caused by the AKI. Like hemoglobin, a low hematocrit is associated with an overall decrease of red blood cell count due to anemia, nutrition deficiency, and AKI. T.A.’s increased mean corpuscular volume is related to anemia caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency (Bladh et al.,

Of course transfusion was associated with haemoglobin criteria on admission (p=0.001), and the quantity of packed red cells given was also associated with haemoglobin grouping on admission (p70 g/L that received blood transfusions for upper GI bleeding, suggesting that some physicians are initiating blood transfusions with a more liberal strategy in some circumstances. Given the recent evidence finding that blood transfusions can contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in patients, there are grounds for this audit to be expanded and continued to determine the results of a fuller and in-depth cohort to understand the reasons behind liberal strategies for initiating blood

Donating blood is free of cost and could save many lives, especially those affected by disaster. This is one way that an individual can help more than just their local community. There are so many different ways an individual can get involved with their community and the less fortunate. The ways listed already are only a select few, there are still many more different options that aren’t costly whatsoever.

Like the other forms of blood transfusions, blood doping can have serious medical consequences. Another person’s blood may contain a virus, which is unwittingly passed on during the transfusion. An athlete uses his or her own blood, can put themselves at significant health risks if the procedure is not done properly or if the blood is not handled or stored in a proper manner. In addition, unnaturally high red blood cell levels increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary or cerebral

Each year between 210,000 and 440,000 patients go to the hospital for care suffers some type of preventable harm that contributes to their death (Allen). Knowing that so many patients go into a hospital and never leave due to mistakes made by a physician or nurse is extremely sickening. Physician and nurses have to sometimes slow down and double or even triple check information that have entered into patients chart or doses they are about to administer to an patient. I know it is hard sometimes to slow down because there are so many patients that needed to be attended to at any given moment. Hospitals now are becoming very crowded and sometimes the patients are in pain as well as inpatient. Nurses and physician are trying to do their best to ensure that they touch bases with

The importance of having a risk management program within a quality improvement program within a healthcare organization is to ensure reliability with performance along with preserving the safety of the services offered and minimize the overall risk to the organization. High-reliability organizations (HROs) have incorporated reliability within their operations processes to address real possibilities of catastrophic failures (Pavkovic, Goetz, Prachand, & Stanley, 2011). There are five HRO concepts that are utilized within healthcare organizations to ensure patient safety and risk management performance:

Issues related to a lack of patient safety have been reported for decades. During the first decade of the 21st century, there has been a national focus on improving patient safety. Patient safety is a global issue, affecting countries at all levels of development and is one of the nation's most pressing health care

The need for blood is growing more everyday while the numbers of donors is decreasing. Sickle cell disease affects more than 70,000 people in the U.S. About 1,000 babies are born with the disease each year. Sickle cell patients can require frequent blood transfusions throughout their lives (RedCrossBlood.org). According to the Red Cross blood website 41,000 pints of blood are needed every single day, and they need us to make that possible. Donating blood is a safe process that is done with a sterile needle used only one time for each donor. There is a four-step process to donating blood. First, is the