Hippocampus Research Paper

26. The hippocampus is a curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long-term

Hippocampus belongs to the limbic system of the brain. In 1960, O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel continued to investigate the functions of hippocampus. The behavioural inhibition theory was defined and justified many questions regarding functions of hippocampus. Eventually their investigations have been published an influential book, “The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map” (O'Keefe et al, 1978). The spatial coding such as spatial memory and navigation is the functions of hippocampus are universally accepted as with the memory theory (Nadel et al, 1975; Moser et al, 2008). Simultaneously full-fledged work was conducted to investigate the functions of the hippocampus related with anxiety. Connections between cerebral cortex and associated areas

Memories are known as episodic memories. these memories can be information that is being stored or images that are being stored depending of when, where and what is being retrieved. There is a brain structure called the hippocampus that creates the memories that manages the memories into the structures. In order to create the memories the hippocampus connected to the region of the cerebral cortex through several regions that receive the sensory information. The memory records those experiences into the brain they can be short term or long term memories. All types of memories can be based on the connections within the neural circuits of each memory system. The weakness or strength of the memory usually depends on how the memory was formulated.

The limbic system (or Paleomammalian brain) is a set of brain structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction.[1] The term "limbic" comes from Latin limbus, loosely translating as "border" or "belt".

“Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain's nerve cells, or neurons, resulting in loss of memory, thinking and language skills, and behavioral changes. These neurons, which produce the brain chemical, or neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, break connections with other nerve cells and ultimately die. For example, short-term memory fails when Alzheimer's disease first destroys nerve cells in the hippocampus” (Alzheimer’s Association Foundation.) The destruction of the hippocampus is very serious because the hippocampus is a structure in the brain’s limbic system that plays an important part role in memory (Ettinger 91.) Its is responsible for forming organizing and storing memories.It connects the memories to structures and senses like smell and sound. “The hippocampus is a horseshoe shaped paired structure, with one hippocampus located in the left brain hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The hippocampus acts as a

the hippocampus: involved in imagining new experiences and possible future events as well as spatial context being the critical ingredient the hippocampus provides for imagining new experiences and possible future

These elongated ridges assist with our autonomic nervous system and storing. This limbic system structure is important in forming new memories and connecting our emotions and senses. Smell and sound can be connected by the hippocompus. Our hippocompus acts as a memory indexer sending these memories to the appropriate parts of the cerebellum for long-term storage and can be retrieved if deemed nessecary for functions such as unification of

The hippocampus of a normal brain is located within the medial temporal lobe and is adjacent to the amygdala. The hippocampus in the normal brain functions to consolidate/processes memories and provide spatial orientation. There is no anatomical difference between the hippocampus of a split brain and that of a normal

Hippocampus is a small, curved region, which exists in both hemispheres of the brain and plays a vital role in emotions, learning and acquisition of new information. It also contributes majorly to long term memory, which is permanent information stored in the brain. Although long term memory is the last information that can be forgotten, its impairment has become very common nowadays. The dysfunction is exemplified by many neurological disorders such as amnesia. There are two types of amnesia, anterograde and retrograde. Anterograde amnesia is inability in forming new information, while retrograde refers to the loss of the past memory. As suggested by Cipolotti and Bird (2006), hippocampus’s lesions are

involved in memory storage. The hippocampus is a place in the brain that is used to

Doctors and scientists dispute the exact role of the hippocampus, but agree that it has an essential role in the formation of new memories about personally experienced events. Some researchers prefer to consider the hippocampus as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system responsible for declarative memory. When a long-term, declarative memory is made, certain neuronal connections in the temporal lobe are strengthened, and others are weakened. These changes are fairly permanent, however some may take weeks or months before they are complete

The brain is dividing into several sections, including the cerebellum, the frontal lobe, and the temporal lobe, among others. The temporal lobe exists in two parts, one on each side of the brain close to the ears. It is largely responsible for the memory system (2). On the medial surface of the temporal lobe there are three important structure that are essential for human functioning. These structures are named, in order from rostral to caudal, the olfactory cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. Together these three structures are referred to as the "limbic system" (1). Their functions became understood after studying how the brain functions upon loss of each structure. For example, in 1953, a patient suffering from epilepsy underwent surgery which removed most of his medial temporal lobe (1). After the surgery, the patient was able to remember who he was and was able to carry out coherent, intelligent conversations. However, if the person with whom he was talking left the room, he would have no

There have been studies in the past conducted to find where exactly in the brain memory may reside, using positron emission tomography (PET) scans to see where the most blood flows into the

Without the hippocampus, the information from the short-term memory (STM) cannot be stored in long term memory (LTM). The hippocampus is a very important part of the human brain to store our memories. If we lost it, we will lose all our conscious memories. From Henry’s case, it also discovered that there are multiple memory storage areas located at different parts of the brain while the hippocampus is important to consolidate short-term memory to long-term memory. The removal of hippocampus caused Henry to suffer until he died as he lost the ability to make new conscious