Histamine Research Paper

Cushing’s syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder that occurs when your body is exposed to an overabundance of the hormone cortisol.3 Cortisol is known as the stress hormone. The interruption of cortisol secretion can cause weight gain and can ultimately determine where you put the weight on.8 There are many underlying causes such as Pituitary Adenomas, Ectopic ACTH Syndrome, Adrenal Tumors, and Familial Cushing’s Syndrome.2 The majority of these people affected by this hormonal disorder experience weak muscles, increase fat, high blood pressure, etc.1 Although thousands are affected in various ways, there are currently several channels of treatment administered by medical professionals. Through the use of improving technology, medical professionals are better understanding the disorder, allowing them to develop better treatment practices.

     Addison’s disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a hormonal disorder that can strike anyone, any gender at any age. Addison’s disease has also been called Adrenal Insufficiency (hypocortisolism) because the root of the disease is in the adrenal gland not producing enough of the hormone cortisol, or sometimes not enough of the hormone aldosterone to satisfy the body’s needs.

There are many tell-tale signs a person will present that will not even have an endocrinologist question if he or she has Cushing’s syndrome. A predominant symptom of the disorder is a red, rounded face (also known as “moon face”). Another externally visual sign is excess weight gain, particularly in the abdominal region. The patient may not distribute fat properly and can have fat-loss in their extremities. These people typically take on the apple body type. Muscle, back, and bone pain are also common complaints (Nieman, 2015).

3. The symptoms that accompany Cushing's disease will vary among patient's, but most people will have upper body obesity and thin arms and legs, round, red, full faces and slow growth rate in children. They will also have skin changes that include; acne or skin infections, purple marks called striae on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts, and they will have a thin skin with easy bruising. You will also notice changes in bones and muscles, such as bone pain or tenderness, collection of fat between the shoulders, back aches, weak muscles and rib and spine fractures. Women who have Cushing's disease may

Within the human body, many functions are regulated by the endocrine glands, which secrete hormones. Abnormal levels of any of these hormones can lead to a number of disease states. One of these hormones is cortisol which is produced by the adrenal gland. Excess levels of cortisol can manifest in Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome, with a variety of symptoms, test methods and treatments.

However, if you have a condition called histamine intolerance, your body gives you no choice but to notice.

Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder that is characterized by multiple signs and symptoms resulting

The main function of Epinephrine is to prepare the body to flee or fight back and also affects a wide range of physical tissues, such as the muscles, circulatory system, and lungs. (http://www.peanutallergy.com/articles/peanut-allergy/function-of-epinephrine)

Cushing's syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms due to continuous exposure to cortisol. Cushing's syndrome is caused by either exaggerated cortisol-like drugs e.g. (prednisone) or a tumor that leads to the production of abnormal amount of cortisol by the adrenal glands, Cushing's disease is caused by pituitary adenoma. It is the second most common cause of Cushing's syndrome after medication. (1)

5) Asthma is chronic obstructive lung conditions that is condemned of triggers and attacks. Since we now know that asthma has many triggers and causes, well in response to coming in contact with its trigger the mast cells of the immune system, which are found in loose connective tissue, are responsible for releasing vasoactive which are action on vessels, chemical mediators, including histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, cytokines and prostaglandins. Chemotactic (produces specific cell movement) chemical mediators released from the mast cells cause neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils to infiltrate the cells of the bronchial lining. These target the respiratory system and cause bronchoconstriction, vascular congestion, vasodilation, increases in capillary permeability, mucosal edema, impaired mucociliary action (removal of mucus and contaminants within the bronchial tree by movement of the cilia inside the bronchioles), and increased mucus production, which leads to an increase in airway resistance. These pathophysiologic factors produce the typical clinical presentation of asthma. (Allergic Asthma and Rhinitis Comorbidity, P.

IgE-allergen complex then binds to the FcEr receptor of the basophil. This leads to the degranulation of basophil, causing the release of histamine. These histamine induces allergic response such as the formation of urticarial rash or mucus production in lungs. Ling et al (2015) stated that defective Th1 immune response may also contribute to the presence of atopy.

The membrane can be easily damaged with allergens like pollen. It breaks down the membrane and creates holes within it. Since the plasma membrane is the filter for the cell, with it damaged, anything can get in. Pollen, dust mites, and mold can enter the cell and begin a multiple of reactions from the body. All the cells in the human body send “messages” to combat the allergen. Then the chemical IgE (Immunoglobulin) is released, which is one of the body’s

The immune system performs specific defense against agents, the antigens that are foreign or harmful to the body. Exogenous antigens are often in contact with the skin or entering the airway, the digestive tube and the genital orifices and mucosae. They can also penetrate the circulation directly through wounds. The body has many defense mechanisms against foreign pathogenic agents. These mechanisms are divided into two groups: the specific mechanisms and the unspecific mechanisms. The specific mechanisms are part of the immune system and comprehend the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response that respectively produce antibodies and defense cells against specific antigens. The unspecific mechanisms fight in a general manner any type of antigen and in them a series of defense means are included, like the skin barrier against foreign agents, the mucous and ciliated epithelium of the airway, inflammation and the action of unspecific proteins and defense cells.

In stressful situations the body activates its Autonomic Nervous System in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. The primary function is to regulate the stress response. The amygdala recognizes the threat and the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland can release hormones into the bloodstream that travel down to the kidneys and

There are complication of using antihistamine for a short time and for a long time, short time usage has mild symptoms like: