Histoplasmosis Capsulatum Virus

Hand, foot, and mouth are parts of human body have the highest change to get contagious infection. There are many viruses but Enterovirus groups, (most common is the coxsackie virus) is the main factor. These viruses can spread through direct contact from person to person especially with those have bad habits such as: unusually washed hands or surfaces contaminated with feces. An infected person’s saliva, stool, or respiratory secretions can transmit the infection.

Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the scientific name for White-Nosed Syndrome is a cold dwelling fungus that has been running rapid in the United States. The disease has made prevalence here after being brought over from Europe and Asia. Research has even been found that bats in Europe may

Viruses, Plagues, and History, written by Michael Oldstone, is an insightful and highly educational book that details the history of, that’s right, viruses and plagues. Through typically dry, yet engaging prose, Oldstone recounts what seems like all of it while simultaneously bringing to light the contributions of those brave scientists who asked themselves, “why.” He focuses his attention on some of the most notable viruses such as smallpox, yellow fever, measles, polio, and later he focuses on more contemporary battles against disease.

Smallpox is a highly contagious virus that has no known cure. Variola, is the name of the virus that caused one of the largest epidemics known to man. Smallpox killed nearly 500 million people in the 20th Century alone. Before Smallpox was eradicated it killed nearly 60% of all infected people. Smallpox has been coexisting with humans for thousands of years and has a very long history.

Nipah virus, Arena Virus and Francisella tularensis are bioterrorism agents. They work in various ways to harm the host. Francisella tularenis is considered a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent and Nipah virus is an overlap select agent that affects humans and agriculture both. They have been harmful in the past. Though, Nipah virus is a newer virus than the other two. This review will focus on their emergence, pathogenicity and symptoms of the diseases they cause.

That form is called spherule. The transformation is caused because of the change is the fungus’ environment. It has gone from being a soil base to now a spherule form with smaller spherule inside of its form. This form is most common in the person or animal's lungs, but Valley Fever can also be contracted thru the skin. Once inhaled and in the lungs the spherule will attack, reproduce and continue to grow until it grows to its fullest point and then it will break open and release additional infectious particles that will be able to travel throughout the rest of the body. Once the infection has grown outside of the lungs, it is much less likely for the patient to survive. (Davis, 2014) This cycle of attack and reproduction will continue to happen until the immune system gains control. While the Spherules are attacking on the outside the patient is showing signs that are many times misdiagnosed, due to similar colds or flu symptoms that show in the early stages of

se that is endemic to the southwest United States (California, Arizona, Utah, Texas, Nevada, and New Mexico), Mexico, Central America, and South America [1]. Disease infection results from inhaling the spores from soil fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii [1]. The two fungi are located in separate regional locations, however, studies have shown that they are relatively identical and manifest the disease in the same way. Calling home in arid, desert areas, Coccidioidomycosis spores are found in lower elevations, 4 inches or more under sandy soil. They are endemic in areas with less than 20 inches of rain per year [1]. The most common opportunity to become infected is when the soil is disrupted by construction, entertainment

Smallpox is a highly contagious infectious disease. The type of microbe for smallpox is the Variola virus. Smallpox is caused by either the Variola major or the Variola Minor. This virus is spread by direct contact. The disease was likely to be in human populations about 10,000 BC. An epidemic broke out in 1519 with the Aztecs and the Conquistadors in Tenochtitlan Mexico. The epidemic killed a total of twenty five percent of the Aztecs population leaving it easy for Cortes and the conquistadors to take over the desired

Genital herpes is reported as a "common and highly contagious infection usually spread through sex." (WebMD, 2012) Herpes is an infection resulting from the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) which is similar to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) which is the virus that causes cold sores. Individuals infected with the herpes virus have recurrent outbreaks in fact 90% of individuals infected with the herpes virus report repeated outbreaks with some reporting only two outbreaks each year. However, some individuals report up to eight outbreaks per year with the herpes virus. (Shiel, 2011, p.1)

Smallpox is caused by the variola virus an extremely contagious disease. That can be spread through any type of contact with the virus. The virus is a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, in the Poxviridae family. Smallpox has been considered eradicated in the United States since 1972. Virologists have speculated that it evolved from an African rodent poxvirus 10 millennia ago. The name is derived from the Latin word for "spotted" and refers to the raised bumps on the face and body of the patient. (Medscape.com) Smallpox has been to blame for the extinction and almost extinction of many cultures. The disease has been used as biological warfare since the beginning or war. At times,

The organism adheres to the epithelial cells in its host by pilli. This opportunistic pathogen can affect people of all ages and specifically targets patients that have immune deficiencies, debilitating diseases, and infants in the NICU. Patients are at greater risk of contracting the organism if they have recently had a surgery, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, arterial catheterization, inhalation medication therapy, tracheal tubes, or have low apgar scores. It can cause a variety of diseases and infections such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, keratoconjunctivitis, osteomyelitis, keratitis, endocarditis, cutaneous infections, and endophthalmitis. (Currey,

Cryptococcus gattii is a fungus that lives in the soil associated with certain trees and causes the infection C. gattii Cryptococcus’s. In mild climates, the fungus survives in soil and grows in tree bark. Douglas-firs carry the fungus. The fungus occurs in the top 15cm of the soil, on trees, wood chips, mulch, and other natural “reservoirs.” Fungus spores are aerosolized through soil disturbance. (https://www.emlab.com/s/sampling/env-report-03-2012.html) The microscopic fungus C. gattii can infect people after breathing it in from the environment. Cryptococcus’s affects the lungs or the central nervous system; mainly the brain and spinal cord. When the brain is infected they call it cryptococcal meningitis. Both humans and animals can become infected after inhaling airborne, dried yeast cells or spores from the

Genital herpes is one of the most common STDs in the U.S.A. Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus. There are two types of herpes simplex virus; herpes simplex virus-1, and herpes simplex virus-2. Both can cause sores on the genital area. Most people with genital herpes, (herpes simplex virus-2,) do not know they have it, since the symptoms are either nonexistent or very mild. Herpes simplex virus-2 most commonly causes cold sores, but can also be a cause of genital herpes.

they require a carbon source to thrive. The nutrient that is taken in by the fungi is

In response to these comments, it was then that the FDA added three additional pathogens to the list of qualifying pathogens: Coccidiodes species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis species, Cryptococcus species, and Helicobacter pylori. Coccidiosis is a disease caused by fungi from the genes of Cryptococcus that affect living organisms such as humans and animals. Living organisms usually contract this by inhaling the fungi, thus resulting in lung infection that can travel to the brain causing further harm for the organism. Two individuals were first identified with the fungus between 1894 and 1895. The Cryptococci’s can be found worldwide. The main way that disease is spread is also through inhalation with the particular fungus that happens to be associated with several species of bird, particularly old pigeon waste and bat guano.