Historical Background / Events That Helped The Tainui Iwi Claims And The Settlement Process

Throughout history, the Native people of North America and the Europeans have continually had arguments and disputes over land. To this day there are still issues trying to be resolved. Twenty years ago, the beginning of one of the most violent and intense land disputes in present day Canada occurred. This event is now referred to as the Oka Crisis, named after the town Oka in Quebec. This crisis caused a confrontation involving the Quebec provincial police, the Canadian armed forces and the Mohawk people.1 The stand that the Mohawk people took in the town of Oka became a major revelation for the aboriginal people spreading awareness of aboriginal rights across Canada.

It stated that by “allowing ownership it opened the door for the foreigners to purchase nearly all of it.” By doing that the Hawaiians were making money by having the foreigners buy it since they were the only ones with enough money. They are trying to make as much profit as they possibly can from the foreigners and forgetting about the people. For the “chiefs or commoners to receive a portion of the land, however, they needed to prove that they actually cultivated farmed those for a living.” In addition to what i said before, not all were glad about this news, “It is not right, that when we wish to buy our own lands that he should sell them to foreigners”. The people even said that they were also “running up the price of the land away up to $250.00 an acre for taro land”. They sold their lands for extremely high prices and are only negotiating with the foreigners so they are becoming more

Before, the land belonged to the gods and not to the Hawaiians. After the Mahele, working class people like the maka’ainana could own land. The laws were changing because when the Mahele came about, new rules were made. Laws were changing to help Hawaii be more wealthy. Another example of a political impact is how lands were being distributed (Hio). Lands are being distributed unfairly because when Kamehameha III distributed the land, the Hawaiians have to work for the people who own the land. The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed the Hawaiians to own land, but there were certain requirements to own land. Those requirements were that they would have to survey the land, present the claim with the Land Commission and file claim by 1854. People could claim someone’s land if they didn’t live on it for 10 years. This was called the Alien Act of 1850. The Hawaiians that owned land, lost it because they couldn’t pay the taxes, they did not occupy, or care for their land. Hawaiians didn’t have enough money, they lacked knowledge/experience with the law, and missed the 1854

Accordingly as planned, the Mahele began with the king, chiefs, and maka’ainana owning one third of all lands, but as time went on the maka’ainana land began to reduce rapidly (Cachola). Unfortunately, not knowing how to buy land or earn money, the land set aside for buying soon became foreign owned land. Seeming like enough land owned by the foreigners, apparently it wasn’t, more and more Hawaiians could not pay taxes, leaving foreigners with an abundance of land to purchase with little competition. Nonetheless, while land was being taken from the Hawaiians, foreigners prospered, almost taking over all of the land in Hawaii. There was an abundance of land owned by the foreigners and Hawaiians owned almost nothing after removed from their beloved homes.

They claimed that: All rights to the land went to the Crown on the 1879 annexation – that native title had been extinguished, and that no compensation for loss of land would be due to the Meriam people.

After the Dawes Act was passed, the Government stripped the tribes of their authority and made it very difficult for each of them to maintain their traditional ways of life. The tribes finally decided that they needed some type of authority. This authority came with land ownership and the allotment of land was the closest to land ownership they were going to get. They all agreed to the Dawes Act by 1902 and forfeited their

They were interested in the land from Kenya, they wanted to use it to grow crops. The British became residents when taking over and the natives lost their land.

They were taking their natural resources therefore a group of Aborigines launched a series of attack on the settlers.

The foreigners took the land without them knowing and traded it with the other foreigners. They sold the land to the other foreigners even though the land want theres. The foreigners made them pay for their own land even though the hawaiians had no money. They also left them with less than one

Explain the process by which the British, French, Spanish, and Dutch interacted with local Native Americans. To what extent to you think the interactions were motivated by religion, interest in commercial gain, or glory for self or country? Make sure you include as much detail as possible from the textbook and online resources. Interactions between the British, French, Spanish, and Dutch with Native Americans varied from place to place.

In 1848 there was problems with land ownership when the foreigners started coming to Hawaii. The foreigners wanted land that's it, back then the sugar business started to get really popular in Hawaii because they had the perfect weather and climate for sugarcane. Hawaiian didn't have the money for the land so the foreigners took over all the land. ¨ The Land Commission had determined that the land should be divided into equal thirds. One third would go to the ali’i, one third would go to the government and the final third would go to the maka’āinana (Cachola).¨ At the time King Kamehameha III was ruling Hawaii, so he had to think about how to divide the land with other Hawaiian chiefs. The Mahele was unjustified because land was being auction to make money, there was no firewood to cook food, and lastly Hawaiian kids died from starvation.

What happened because of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887, was that most of the power was stripped away from King Kalakaua and put it into the hands of the Hawaiian League, which then created a series of events that had influenced the Hawaiian Islands substantially.The Bayonet constitution was made when the Hawaiian league filled with businessmen and lawyers had taken over most of cabinet that helps the King make decisions. With that influence they drafted a new constitution that reduced the power of the King and gave more power to the people on the cabinet. Under the gun, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the constitution. Thus, making it hard for Native Hawaiians to have a voice. This happened because a few foreigners (Hawaiian League)

The foreigners started to be interested in the Hawaiians land and they wanted to start gaining the land. The foreigners wanted to start companies like sugar cane plantations and raise cattle on land that was previously farmland. Then Kamehameha the III created the Mahele in 1848, to keep the foreigners from taking the land by force. Kamehameha lll was worried that Hawaii and its people would lose everything and they would become too powerful. The Great Mahele of 1848 did not benefit the Hawaiians because the price for land was too high for them to pay and the Hawaiians lost their crops once their land was sold to the foreigners (Borreca).

In 1788 the first Fleet arrived in Australia bringing European soldierse, convicts and settlers. This bought aboriginals in contact with white people for the first time. Some aboriginal groups tried to resist this occupation and they used violence and force the archive it. This essay will explain why that resistance was justified by examining the causes, identifying some examples of Indigenous resistance and will assess short and long term effects of this conflict.

Te Tiriti o Waitangi is an agreement made between groups of people representing the British crown and Māori chiefs in 1840 (Orange, 2004). The Treaty of Waitangi has four elements: kawanatanga, tino rangatira, oretitanga and tikangatanga. This essay will focus on oritetanga element of the treaty in relation to socio-political contexts and social justice with examples. It will then go on to the current views of Maori in health experiences in relation to existing clinical and community health/disability services. It will then apply the knowledge of Maori health to everyday professional practice. Finally, this essay will have a brief discussion of nursing practice in relation to oritetanga.