History, Final Notes

In 1596- Abraham Ortelius took note that the coastlines of the continents seemed to be too fitting together. He initiated a theory that stated that the continents were probably joined at one point in time and were torn apart between Europe and Africa. In the year of 1912, Alfred Wegener stated that the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangea.

　　The author then shows the current state of Wyoming, and the way of life delusion that everyone thinks that the only occupations in Wyoming are from the Wild West. Mr. Western then uses stats to show the landslide Wyoming is on, but it hasn’t

Was the criticism of Gov./Col. Sibley justified? Describe what his explanations were and the arguments of those who wanted him to hurry up. Draw a conclusion evaluating which arguments were best.

1. Utah is both a product of the times in which it emerged but also a unique entity that worked to shape its own future. Robbins and Malone both describe how the west, and by a large extent Utah is a part of the great narrative of the American West and sometimes differing from it entirely. By exploring the different facets and predominant activities of 1850's and beyond we can find clues as to the origins and ultimate fate of the region . By exploring Western American capitalism, various functions of manifest destiny, and how settlers adhered to the frontier pioneer spirit we can learn the overall narrative in which the region participates.

6. What specific actions did Hammurabi take in his attempt to provide for the good order of society and the basic welfare of his subjects?

* Which commodity sparked the economy of colonial Virginia in the early 17th century? What social problems resulted from the success of that commodity?

Although the horrors of the American Civil War and Reconstruction within Indian Territory were fresh. Yet, the presence of Indian Territory changed drastically between 1865 and 1889, because of the “Second Trail of Tears”, the unrest of the Southern Plains tribes of western Indian Territory, and the impact of U.S. Polices on Indian Territory.

Col. George Armstrong Custer was given a order to explore the Black Hills within reservation boundaries. He was also ordered to map and find a comfortable place with enough resources to plant a future military post. While Lt. Col. Custer was exploring the hills words of found gold were being spread by geologists. This lead to Miners and Entrepreneurs invading the land for profit of gold, which violated the treaty directly. When the US tried giving the Lakota prices to buy Black Hills they rejected it, which led to a deadline in January of 1876. It was said that all Sioux report to the reservation on January 31, but when there was no response in return, the task was handed off to the military. (Little Bighorn Battlefield National

“Custer’s luck! The biggest Indian village on the continent!” Supposedly, these were the last words recorded to have been uttered by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer before the infamous battle that would claim his life and the lives of hundreds of soldiers (Dippie 2). Nearly a century and a half later, this conflict is immersed in just as much controversy as it was the day it occurred. The Battle of Little Bighorn and Custer’s Last Stand is perhaps more famous due to the difficulty of differentiating the myths versus the facts, rather than its actual historical significance in the 19th century. The different interpretations via historians, archaeologists, and Native Americans have contributed to the positive and negative versions of the battle that exist today. However, by understanding the basics, conflict, and research that surrounds the Battle of Little Bighorn and Custer’s Last Stand, one can form their own opinion and better interpret the ways in which it is portrayed in media and throughout time by interested persons and descendent communities.

In the third document, Treaty of Fort Laramie, shows over the years how much the Americans took the Native’s land. In 1868, the Lakota nation had mostly the Western land and over 10 years the Lakota land shrunk in size because of the US pushing them away from building the transcontinental railroad. In 1868, the Second treaty of Fort Laramie gave tribes, the Sioux and Cheyenne, a large reservation in the black hills of South Dakota. Then in 1874, White prospectors found gold in the Black Hill. Miners intruded onto Sioux land. Two chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, united to push back the intruder which is known as the battle of Little Bighorn.(81) The Battle was fought on June 25, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory(Battle of little Bighorn).The Sioux and Cheyenne killed an entire force of of U.S troops.(78). Another document that showed how the land was taken from them is documen one. The map shows how the Native Americans lost mostly all of their land in the years of 1850-1870 that was when gold was discovered, battles, and the Sand Creek Massacre. The Western expansion cause many significant battles which cause many deaths of Native Americans as well as

Of all the features upon the earth there are some ascribed with special significance. These features, whether caves, lakes, deserts, outcroppings, or something else entirely, hold tremendous relevance for the groups that dwell near them. Such beliefs in the worth and importance of such sites are entrusted from one passing generation to the next. These beliefs, and the physical objects they rest upon, become increasingly vital to that group’s identity as a people. One such group is the Teton Lakota of the Sioux Nation in South Dakota, an area that has been home to them for hundreds of years and, while their entire homeland is precious to them, of particular importance are the Black Hills, or Paha Sapa as they are called in Lakota.

Arkansas/Arkansaw: How Bear Hunters, Hillbillies, and Good Ol' Boys Defined a State. Brooks Blevins. Fayetteville, AR. 2009. 242 pages

The Sand Creek massacre, known as “Chivington massacre,” that began on November 29, 1864, in Colorado Territory. This massacre, was stricken by a Colorado U.S Volunteer Cavalry led by John M. Chivington, attacked and easily destroyed a village of the Cheyenne and Arapaho. The Native Americans death totaled in an estimate of 70-160 deaths. Mostly, it was women and children who took part of these casualties. As the people wonder, why all of this just for a piece of the Great Plains of the Eastern Colorado. As the west wins, a step closer to Manifest

The two historical documents, Narrative of Lavinia Bell written by an anonymous author in the Montreal Gazette and the Letter to an English Abolitionist by James Henry Hammond, shared their strong opinions on the important issue of slavery. These documents were written in the 1800’s during an era of progressive changes. One can identify similarities and many differences in their opinions, motives, and goals for their writings. I believe Bell’s account was written to show the perspective of slaves’ brutal view, compared to Hammond’s letter justifying slavery and the rights of the slaveholders.

Over the years, the idea of the western frontier of American history has been unjustly and falsely romanticized by the movie, novel, and television industries. People now believe the west to have been populated by gun-slinging cowboys wearing ten gallon hats who rode off on capricious, idealistic adventures. Not only is this perception of the west far from the truth, but no mention of the atrocities of Indian massacre, avarice, and ill-advised, often deceptive, government programs is even present in the average citizen’s understanding of the frontier. This misunderstanding of the west is epitomized by the statement, “Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis was as real as the myth of the west. The development of the west was, in