History Of The Orangeburg Massacre

In 1963, a month after Martin Luther King’s I have a dream speech rang harmonies of freedom and equality throughout the United States, Klan members set off dynamite in the sixteenth Baptist Church. The resulting explosion and compromise in the integrity of the building killed four girls. These girls, Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Denise McNarr were the victims of this atrocity. The events that followed furthered the bloodshed. Thousands of black protestors flooded the streets in protest of the horrific acta that took place in the sixteenth Baptist street church [2]. It was not until 2001 and 2002 when some of the men responsible for the crimes would be prosecuted and eventually convicted. Though the intent of the bombing was to instill fear and panic into the black community, what came about was unity and a call to action.

Civil rights groups are not a new thing in the United States, but after the disputed case of Trayvon Martin who was killed by George Zimmerman, the movement has been growing tumultuously. After Martin’s death, hundreds of high school teens began protesting, demanding both Zimmerman and chief police be fired. With the help of social media, Umi Selah and other activists were able to organize a forty-mile march from Daytona Beach to the headquarters of Sanford Police Department (the department that dealt with Martin and Zimmerman’s case.) The march lasted four days and ended in a five-hour blockade of the Sanford Police Department’s door. This organized protest was just the beginning of what quickly became the Black Lives Matter movement (McClain 2016).

The death of a young African American male in 1955 haunted the south and the African American society. Images of Emmett Till hanging in a tree were plastered on television and in newspapers for Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair Jr., Franklin McCain, and David Richmond to see while attending North Carolina A & T College in 1960. These four African American men would soon become known as the Greensboro Four after instigating a sit-in at a Woolworth’s store in Greensboro, North Carolina. Their courage and determination ignited a movement to end segregation not only in their state but across the nation. History was being made that day as the young men sat at the counter, customers inside watching as the events unfolded, and the impact of this incident permeating across American’s eyes.

This book explores the relationship between nonviolence and armed self-defense in the Civil Rights Movement in the South. Cobb points out the importance of armed self-defense in African American history and its role in the Civil Rights Movement. Cobb gives a voice to war veterans, nonviolent activists, and members of the armed self-defense groups to explain the significance of self-protection during the Civil Rights Movement. Cobb discusses how dangerous nonviolence political demonstrations were in an area (the South) where Jim Crow laws

If one were to drive down any random road in South Carolina today, they might spot a Confederate Flag hanging proudly from a building or a house or even a national monument. The ones who support the display of this flag say that it is more to do with cultural history than racism, however, the history that this flag represents is what motivated Dylann Roof to kill nine innocent people in a South Carolina church in 2015. In this day and age, how did something like the Charleston church shooting massacre occur? This essay will explain how racism, although not as common as it was in the past, still exists today and how this racism is connected to the story of Dylann Roof. Although certain racist laws, such as Jim

(Sciway.net). This act of racism would spark the beginning of one of the most disgusting

The south was a dangerous place for African Americans during that time period. For example earlier that summer of 1955 in Mississippi, according to Heather Pool, two African American men by the names of George Lee and Lamar Smith, both worked on organizing and registering black voters, had been murdered (Pool). George Lee was shot in his car and it was ruled in court as a traffic accident, even when they found the slug still in his body (Pool). As for Lamar Smith, he was shot in broad daylight in front of police officers and a large crowd of bystanders in the middle of town square, yet no one could identify the shooter (Pool). According to The Murder of Emmett Till documentary on YouTube, in the seventy five years before Emmett till, in Mississippi

Eventually, the occurrence of the Orangeburg Massacre led to the racial integration of Orangeburg and many other parts of South Carolina. If the Orangeburg Massacre had not occurred, South Carolina might not have become the racially equal society it is today. However, not everybody agreed with the change that was being brought as a result of the event. Many caucasians at the time attempted to cover the incident up, and to blame whatever could not be hidden on the protesters. Nevertheless, civil rights protesters were not going to let the killing of their fellow pupils be in vain. The students of Orangeburg demanded the punishment of highway patrolmen and other law enforcers on scene the night of the massacre. “They wished to see the officers punished to the fullest extent of the law so that justice could be served to the families of the three young men who were killed” (Pulaski 10). But, as an attempt to hide the massacre, many white-owned newspaper companies either simply refused to report the event, or blamed the massacre on the protesters that participated that night (3 Negroes 1). “A skirmish line of highway patrolmen and city police returned the fire of demonstrating college students last night” (3 Negroes 1). After a scant two weeks, no white-owned newspaper business covered the event at all.

The more people that police arrested, the more there were that protested. In the eyes of the southern whites, having African Americans sit in at white lunch counters was against their unwritten law. In reality, it was the whites that throw and beat African Americans that should have went to jail. Newspapers, unknowingly, showed that

There were four young girls by the names of Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley were killed and fourteen others were injured. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at three of the girls’ funeral. The fourth girl’s family requested to have a separate funeral. There were over 8,000 people at both of the funerals. During this time blacks were being arrested for disorderly conduct. They were drinking alcohol, loitering, and being obnoxious. They were even trying to harm whites as they passed

There were many things that led up to or caused the Everett Massacre. 300 wobblies boarded two boats called the called the Verona and the Calista. They headed from Seattle towards Port Gardner Bay. They had planned to have a public demonstration, they were hoping to gain converts for one big labor union. On this day citizens in Everett had heard of a group of armed anarchists

The history of the United States is bursting with instances of extreme racism, discrimination, segregation and prejudice. The gruesome murder of Emmett Till, a 14-year old, Chicago teenager shined a light on these subjects. The Mississippi Trial of 1955 which was the trial held for Emmett Till’s murder, became a sensational case that was watched and followed around the United States. The response followed by the trial would shape the history of racism in the United States, catalyzing many civil right movements, protests. Without massive coverage of the event through the Chicago Defender, the trial never would have become famous, leading to an enormous draw back in civil right movements both at the time and throughout history.

It was one night on february 8, 1968 that i was walking down the street and then i noticed that there was a protest going on down the street. It was at the moment that i heard gunshots so i took cover near the closest object and i poked my head out to see what was going on. I looked out to see protesters shooting and officers with their guns out. I heard fear in everyone's voice as they were running away screaming “help me” and “watch out”. I didn't know it was that serious till i heard gunshots and seen people running. When i new it was serious i started getting more scared of what would happen i thought to myself should i stay and hide or should i get up and run away. I decided to stay and watch so i could tell people what happen and to be a

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. caused racial tensions to escalate even more. “Many whites openly celebrated the murder.” (Westheider 97) “The feeling of anger and frustration did not

The Sharpeville Massacre took place in a south african police station of Sharpeville. On March 21, 1960. During this event 5,000 to 7,000 protesters went to the police station after a day of demonstrations, offering themselves for arrest for not carrying passbooks. The mood of the protest had started out as peaceful and festive when there were only few people present but as the day went on about 20,00 came and the mood had turned “ugly”. There were casualties which was 69 people dead and 180 injured. This was caused by a chain reaction of gun