Essay on History of Computing

Computers have evolved to become backbone of the American society. As a result, the development of the first computer should be considered an iconic era of American history. History, present and future, including the military.

The computer is unable to perform complex calculations, such as trigonometry, logarithms or decimal to binary conversion. The various charts for these calculations are maintained in a multitude of volumes of tables and conversions. Data is entered into the computer via a series of keys depressed to represent a binary value, like the Manchester "Baby", and switches to commit the current value. Output is also in binary form and must be interpreted from a series of lights, off or on, indicating the value, also like the Manchester "Baby". The personnel required to operate this computer seems to vary from three to seven, including astrogators (to plot the course through the stars), chartsmen (to interpret the charted course into binary) and computermen (to input the binary into the computer). This resembles the team of six women employed to program ENIAC. It is clear that Heinlein drew upon the computers of his time as a model for the ship's computer.

Turing solved it, but in the process established a system that is still useable today.

Between 1842 and 1843, she translated works from French and annotated a memoir written by Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea, who supported Babbage’s Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer. In other words, the logical structure of the Analytical Engine was essentially the same as that which has dominated computer design in the modern era. Impressed by her analytical skills and highly-developed cognitive abilities, Babbage referred to Ada as an “enchantress of numbers.” In addition to being the founder of scientific computing, Ada was determined to create a mathematical model that she called “a calculus of the nervous system.” Her detailed annotations entitled Notes are the main source of her achievements throughout her life. Furthermore, these notes are referred to as the first computer

What makes the ENIAC the first “digital” or personal computer is the fact that it had a central programming unit that would determine which accumulators to activate and what to do with their outputs. This central programming unit used repeating loops so that different units of the ENIAC could work at

What is machine before year 1935, it was an individual who do the number juggling estimations. Between year of 1935- 1945, definition alluded to machine, as opposed to an individual. The machine is focused around von Neumann's idea where gadget can accessto information, forms information, saves information, and produces output.it has experienced from vacuum tube to transistor, to the microchip.microchip starts conversing with modem. Nowdays we trade content, sound, photographs and films in a nature's turf.

I have also developed a strong interest in mathematics in the way it enables problem solving, which is a big part of computer science. It fascinates me in how the fundamental properties of computational problems are explored with the computational complexity theory. By approaching the description of the computation, using the programming language theory, the programming investigates the use of the programming language and complex system.

The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the

Forty-six years ago two engineers, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, shared a vision and started a company called Intelco, standing for “integrated electronics.” The company created random access memory cards (RAM) at the beginning and later moved on to larger memory boards for the booming computer technology industry in Silicon Valley, California.

Computers have made their entrance into our lives, making it easier and other times causing a delay in our day to day tasks. Just like humans, computers are not perfect. In order for a computer to develop enough skills and abilities like a human, several evaluations must be made to seek if it is possible.

Today, 92% of all Americans have access to a computer(Anderson) in the form of a smartphone, tablet, laptop, or desktop computer. The first analog computers were developed during WW2, and they rapidly advanced into the 50s, and 60s. However, by the 70s the Digital Age was on the horizon. Giants like Apple, IBM, and Microsoft pushed development through the 80s; the PC Revolution had begun. The PC Revolution had a profound impact of millions of lives, transforming not only America but the entire world by opening new sales markets, and changing the way they interact with other humans.

Computers are known as electronic devices used by the people to perform their daily activities. They have become an integral part of our lives, allowing us to work from home, stay in contact with friends and family, for entertainment purposes, and to keep track of important issues such as finances, stocks, shares and international news(). Today, computer has become the world of knowledge at our fingertips and can obtain any information as soon as we log on to the World Wide Web. Computer is one of the smartest technology which helps people to accomplish any kind of task without any problem and delay. This small device which is greatest invention of today’s generation has both pros and cons but has become the need of today’s generation as it helps them to deal with every activities and make their life reliable and easier.

Everything you do on a computer or phone is meticulously programmed. Surfing the web requires HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, and PHP. Lines upon lines written such as “$temp = password_hash($object->password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);”. The binary zeros and ones of machine code turn into video games, websites, and programs such as what you are using right now to read this. The age of information was brought forth by the ability to access all known information and share new knowledge. The unsung founders of the age of information are programmers that created the links between peers that we now call the World Wide Web.

The stored program concept or stored program architecture, which is also known as von Neumann architecture, is such a big deal because it is the milestone in general purpose electronic computer development (Sharma, 2015). To elaborate, the stored program concept provides two beneficial functions that modified the design of computers. First, computers would have the ability to signal and store programs and data in the same ROM or RAM (Sharma, 2015). By viewing programs as data and vice versa, the stored program concept simplifies the hardware and the software of computers. This would suggest that programs are represented by machine code, indicating that programs are understood by the computer and can then be stored in the computer’s memory. Second, computers would be able to fetch, decode and execute a program written in machine code sequentially using the central processing unit to perform arithmetic and logical operations; ROM to boot up permanently stored programs and data; or RAM to temporarily store programs and data executed by the central processing unit, and; input-output interfaces that establish a communication between input and output devices, allowing the central processing unit to send and receive information from the output device (Sharma, 2015). This suggests that the human does not have to execute a program from within the computer. For instance, the concept of Hollerith’s pre-formatted punch cards for computers, such as the “IBM CALCULATOR INSTRUCTION CARD”

What is Computer. Computer is an electronic machine, which accepts instructions, commands and information, based on the information process the given information at Ultra High Speed and produce the result on the screen and printer.