History of Indonesia

Indonesia is a rich country with its resources. Not only oil and gas, but Indonesia also had been a producer of mining and agricultural products such as rubber, tin, tea, coffee, spices and timber. In 2002, timber is one of the key export for “non-migas” (non oil and gas) commodities to provide foreign trades.

According to AAFC (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010) due to its extensive natural resources and geographical location, in the way of several of the world’s most important trading routes, Indonesia represents the Southeast Asia’s largest economy. On a global perspective, Indonesia is the fourth most populated country and has the largest Muslim population, besides being the world’s largest archipelago, with around 17,000 islands. The country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is also showing considerable and stable growth throughout the years and unemployment rates dropped considerably (AAFC, 2011).

2006, p. 18). Thus the Indonesian population reached the conditions which sustain on the other development supporting factors.

Indonesia is the sixteenth largest economy, the largest economy in the South-east Asian economic region with the world's fourth largest population (263 million in 2017). It is an emerging economy that has increased its international integration, trade liberalisation and diverted from policies of import substitution towards export-led development. Indonesia is a member of the Group of 20 (G20) major economies and has been an active founding member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The impact of globalisation has benefited Indonesia as quality of life indicators and economic developments have improved but it also presents the challenge of improving regulations, building more competitive industries, increasing investment into education and infrastructure to remain competitive. Consequently, Indonesia has introduced numerous strategies to promote economic growth and development.

Indonesia has been independent for just over half a century. In this short time the country has had to adjust to the demands of the modern world.

Indonesia has a massive population of 249.9 million people. Indonesia’s human rights are mostly abused because the government hasn’t done enough to help protect those rights. Indonesia has the largest economy in south East Asia and is one of the emerging market economies. Some people in Indonesia are wealthy but the majority of people in Indonesia are poor.

Indonesia can best be described as a powerful emerging market. Indonesia has managed to relinquish its former status as a third world country and make a name for itself in the world market. Currently, it is the third largest populated country in Asia with 254.5 million, right behind China and India respectively.5 It has the sixteenth largest economy as of 2014 based off

Indonesia is the largest economy in South-East Asia; it has progressed into a decentralized electoral democracy and has managed to reduce its overall poverty from 17 percent in 2004 to 11 percent in 2014. However, despite their steady economy and major improvements, nearly 40 percent of Indonesia lives just above the poverty line. Additionally, Indonesian public services and health standards fall behind other middle-income countries; these facts combined with their high rates of maternal mortality, child malnutrition, and insufficient access to education place Indonesia in the developing or Third World realm. Indonesia’s history, geographic position, abundance of natural resources, wars and conquest, as well as trade has fundamentally shaped the economic and political structure. Furthermore, leadership influence, intervening forces, and its colonial masters have also played a large role in constructing the systems of this developing country.

The majority religion in the country is Christian although, when reviewed there are a multitude of religions practiced because of the entire population’s cultural diversity. Nearly the entire population is literate and educated with a 99% literacy rate.

Sulistiyanto’s article is much talking about Indonesia and Australia relations in the era of democracy. He starts with a brief history of Indonesia events in the era of authoritarian politics – Sukarno and Soeharto governments. It traces on how the role of governments have impacted in the creating of Indonesia domestic policy and foreign policy, especially toward Australia. Sulistiyanto examines the changing in Indonesia domestic policy and the contribution of the non-state actors in the maintenance of the bilateral relationship of the two countries. In his article he mentions the four perspectives on Indonesia and Australia relations (pp.119-121). These four perspectives intend to show how the bilateral relationships between Indonesia and

Over the past few years, middle income segment in Indonesia is growing rapidly and has a direct impact to Indonesian economy. According to Euromonitor middle income segment is around 52.4% of the total population in 2010 which is predicted to get wider considering the salary increase every year. One industry that impacted directly by the increase of middle income segment is fashion retail segment, in specific department store. The fashion retail in Indonesia is dominated by department stores, which is around 98% by sales.

RELATION(S) OF FIVE MAJOR FACTORS IN INFLUENCING POLITICAL SYSTEM AND TO THE PEOPLE IN INDONESIA

Indonesia is a country with vary of religions lives one next to each other. The politics in Indonesia got affected by the religion, because Indonesia has the first rank of Muslim population in the world with 222 million people (Muslim Pro, 2016) has its different perspective to run the governmental procedures. Due to that background, the leaders in government in Indonesia were mostly served by the Muslims. For example, the president, vice president and governor of Indonesia are also Muslim. Not only the religion background of the leaders in Indonesia, but also rules that are applied in Indonesia and the power of authority compared to minor religions. Religions are very important in specific countries such as Indonesia. In specific countries, citizens will need a religion to be able to get their identification card. The politics & judicial system affected by Islamic values. Indonesian governments legally have agreed that there are six official religions in Indonesia which are Islam, Christian, Catholicism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Hinduism. Since, Islam is the strongest religion and have the most population, Islam have more power over other

In my research paper, I will draw Indonesia as a representation of the whole Southeast Asia region. The reason for doing so is due to Indonesia’s diverse characteristic, which I believe is very representative of the region as a whole. By analyzing President Barack Obama’s speech:

Indonesia has continued to be the largest economy in Southeast Asia with a very diverse archipelago nation as well as ethnicity. With more than 17,000 islands, Indonesia is the 15th largest country in the world. Moreover, Indonesia also ranks 4th for the most populous country with population estimated at 260 million in 2016 (World Population Review, 2016). From the total population, it is estimated around 56.7% of population lives on Java, the most populous island and in which the busiest economic activities happen. In terms of economy, Indonesia is the world’s 8th largest economy based on Purchasing Power Parity with GDP per capita of $2,842,241 million in 2015 (World Bank, 2016). Surabaya as the second largest metropolitan city by population and the capital of East Java Province, make Surabaya one of the busiest port in the country.