HISTORY OF OPERATIMG SYSTEMS Operating systems (OS) provide a set of functions needed and used by most application programs on a computer, and the linkages needed to control and synchronize computer hardware. On the first computers, with no operating system, every program needed the full hardware specification to run correctly and perform standard tasks, and its own drivers for peripheral devices like printers and punched paper card readers. The growing complexity of hardware and application programs eventually made operating systems a necessity. THE 1ST GENERATION (1950’s) The operating systems of the 1950s were designed to smooth the transition between jobs. Before the systems were developed, a great deal of time was lost between …show more content…
The concept sold a lot of computers, but it took its toll. Users running particular applications that did not require this kind of power and this played heavily in increased run-time over head, learning time, debugging time, maintenance, etc. Third generation operating systems were multimode systems. Some of them simultaneously supported batch processing, time sharing, real-time processing, and multiprocessing. They were large and expensive. Nothing like them had ever been constructed before, and many of the development efforts finished well over budget and long after scheduled completion. These systems introduced to computer environments a greater complexity to which users were, at first, unaccustomed. The systems interposed a software layer between the user and the hardware. This software layer was often so thick that a user lost sight of the hardware and so only the view created by the software. To get one of these systems to perform the simplest useful task, users had to become familiar with complex job control languages to specify the jobs their resource requirements. Third generation operating systems represented a great step forward, but a painful one for many users. Examples include: 1. 1966, DOS/360. 2. 1969, UNIX. THE 4TH GENERATION (mid 19670’s- present) Fourth generation systems are the current state of the art. Many designers and users are still smarting from their experiences
When the user begins to interact with the computer, the software being used will send out a system call that will specify a task that a hardware component must perform in order for the software to continue functioning and send further requests,
The Operating system is one most important parts of anything that runs on technology. It manages the computers memory and processes the information for the software and hardware. There is different operation system for pc, tablets, smart cars, and smartphones.
In December of 1987 after two years of development, Operating system/2 (OS/2) 1.1 (as shown in figure 1.) was introduced by Microsoft and IBM, with a jointly development agreement. The purpose of this operating system was to be a
Throughout the 1980’s, it became the pre-eminent operating systems of personal computers, until another operating system, DR-DOS, was released by a company called Digital Research. Critics claim that this operating system never had a chance at gaining a fair share of the market because Microsoft deliberately slowed DR-DOS’s sales by announcing a better version of MS-DOS was on its way (Newman).
Identifying and describing key features of operating systems and common application software as they relate to the management of information.
Today, computers are found everywhere and people rely upon them for travel directions, entertainment, purchasing products, and social interactions.
This consists of hardware/software performance, the characteristics of information and decision-making support provided to the user, system interface characteristics (Tan, Payton, & Tan, 2010, p. 236). The system interface, one of the major factors in system design, can determine if the system is easy to operate for experienced and unexperienced users. Based on their design, HMIS should be designed in a way that the end-users organize themselves, they should be able to incorporate approving factors (like graphics and color), and should have previous users’ knowledge in
The 1940’s was the beginning of an era of computers ruling us. It all started with Konrad Zuse a German engineer creates and finishes the computer called Z3 built in 1941 it was built using 2,300 relays, and used a floating point binary arithmetic, and had a 22 bit word length. Although the original was destroyed in a bombing run in Berlin in late 1943. He supervised a reconstruction of his invention in the 60's which is on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. In February of 1946 the ENIAC was released and the public was able to view it, built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert they improved it by 1,000 times since the first computers were released. Started in 1943 it took 3 years to complete and it used a plugboard and switch program, and the speed was about 5,000 operations per second. It took up 1,000 square feet, or the size of a small house! In 1944 the Harvard Mark-1 was completed. Thought by the Harvard professor Howard Aiken, and built by IBM, the dimensions of this beast was room sized, relay-based calculator. Also it had a
In addition, the Operating System allows the use of
An innovative era of technological advancements and radical new concepts swept the nation by storm. The revolution was steered by a collaboration of boundless minds and problem solvers. Through a series of trial and error, computers were transformed from small sprockets and motors to machines that could unravel most of society’s problems. In 1946, Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, two military commissioned American inventors, constructed one of the world’s first computers using vacuums and enormous air conditioners. The two men started an industry in machine processing speed and power. Eckert and Mauchly’s invention defined all new aspects of the future. By the 1950s computers were a public attraction; they were being used for military purposes, business management, and the advancement of networking.
There are many operating systems that are common on the Internet today. Back when computers could only handle one command at a time, in the 1950 's, was very time consuming. Now, about sixty years later, a computer 's operating system can handle many applications at one time while delivering speed and is user friendly. Although there are many Operating Systems that are available, there are onle a few of them that are well knon and is commonly used. Some of the most common Operating Systems that are used on the Internet are the Windows platforms such as Windows XP, Sun Solaris, UNIX, Apple, and Linux Apache.
The rise of personal computers in the workplace has been very dramatic since their general introduction many years ago. The computing industry is unique in that it is continuously improving in a never ending effort for enhanced productivity and ultimate portability. From the first personal computer, the space hogging IBM 610, to the random mix of smartphones, tablets, two-in-ones, laptops, and desktops of today, that mission continues to refine and polish the idea of the personal computer in an effort to create and re-create the most versatile platform for getting things done.
The operating system is an extremely crucial type of system software. It is the backbone of a computer. Without an operating system, our computers will not function properly. Operating systems are highly skilled software that includes programs with an ample amount of information. This information provided from these programs makes it easier for applications to communicate with the hardware. Linux and Windows are two operating systems that dominate in our society today. They are not only dominating in our society, but also in the business world. Windows and Linux are the two most popular
The microelectronic revolution started when they were using the vacuum tubes it consume a lot of power supply. As a comparison the ENIAC used about 2000 times as much electricity as the modern laptop. Not just that, the modern term for a problem that holds up a computer program is a “bug”. Popular legend has it that this word entered the vocabulary of computer programmers sometimes in the 1950s when moths, attracted by the glowing lights of vacuum tubes, flew inside machines and caused a short circuit. In order to create more advance computer, would have needed hundreds of thousands or even millions of tubes, which would have been
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of figuring out/ calculating devices. A generation refers to the state of improvement in the product development process. This term is also used in the different advancements of new computer technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the making something much smaller, speed, power, and computer memory have proportionally increased. New discoveries are constantly being developed that affect the way we live, work and play. Each generation of computers is seen as the major technological development that basically changed the way computers operate, resulting in more and more smaller, cheaper, powerful, efficient and reliable devices