History of Pakistan

The prophet Muhammad sparked the rise of Islam on the Arabian Peninsula by preaching the word of Allah, and inspired the caliphs that came after him to expand the religion and lead it to a period of prosperity. Without the benefits that Islam brought and the power of the Muslim army Islamic Civilization might have secluded itself to one region like Judaism did and not spread so quickly across the region like it did. The appeals that Islamic culture and the teachings of Muhammad offered, as well as practical benefits of converting to Islam, brought many People of the Book and other non-Muslims into the religion. Muslims used military force and threats in the name of Allah to strike fear into all non believers and expand Muslim territory through

Quaid-e-Azam made it clear to the mission that the Muslim lion's share regions ought to be gathered together to make a sovereign and free Pakistan. He said,

During the Mughal era, the process of converting of Hindus to Islam started (Stearns 32). It should be emphasized that this process appeared when the Delhi sultans were reigning. In spite of the fact that a substantial portion of the Indian peasantry decided to remain Hindu, most of the urban dwellers, lower-caste Hindus and residents of some regions, for example, east Bengal, without any compulsions, accepted the faith of the Mughal sultans (Stearns 32). Nonetheless, according to the article of Peter Stearns, there was a reason why some people converted to Islam; it was because of the political and economic pressures that rendered by the Mughal conquerors (32). Due to these conversions from Hinduism to Islam, the religious map of India was substantially changed (Stearns

The general cause of the Indian Independence Movement was India’s desire for independence from British, French and Portuguese Rule. The aim of the movement was “Swaraj, a self-governing India” (Sharma, 2005, p. 22). One, more specific, cause of the Indian Independence Movement took place in 1905 when the province of Bengal was divided into two provinces,

n. During the freedom movement, Muslims and Hindus fought against each other. There were arguments over whether India should be a secular state or a Hindu state in its times of Independence.

In 500 CE, the Arabian Peninsula converted to Islam, and slowly and gradually small communities developed and over time, the religion grew prominent. It reached to Delhi, when a ruthless Turk leader, Mahmud of Ghazi, established an Islamic state known as the Sultanate of Delhi. Like South Asia, the conversion to Islam was a gradual process. By the tenth century did the religion grow prominent as well as Hinduism and Buddhism was establishing a basis on southeastern Asian regions. Sufi missionaries attracted those who were willing to convert for its promise of a salvation and its sanctity. These missionaries allowed followers to observe over old rituals and venerate old spirits and emphasized piety and devotions. Thus in 1500, a quarter of Indian Muslims called themselves as Islam

The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. The empire Islam in South Asia, and caused the spread of Muslim arts and culture as well as faith. The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large

For approximately two hundred years Britain ruled over India, allowing them almost no control of their own country. This is what imperialism was like for many countries. Initially India was colonized for its natural resources by the East India company but the companies hold on India became compromised after the sepoy rebellion in 1857 so the English government took control in a time of crisis. After decades of British Imperialism India finally gained independence in 1947. Brittain helped develop India by creating a government, education, and millions of jobs, however they negatively affected India by using the government and its powerful army to control and suppress the Indians along with Britain's unfair policies which

Islam also has diffused through Expansion. The greatest Expansion of Islam in India first occurred in 711. Seventeen year old Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed to lead his army of 6,000 soldiers to the far eastern side of Persia, Makran. As he made his way into India there was little

Source 16 is a lot more one sided compared to source 15. Source 16 mainly believes that it is British imperialism that is preventing Indian Independence. This source is from W.O. Simpson, from ‘changing horizons’, which was published in 1986. One of the most obvious quotes backing up the hatred towards British Imperialism is, “The idea, and the Government of India Act that emerged on 1935, was strongly opposed by one faction in the Conservative Party, which formed itself into the Imperial Defence League.” This Defence League tried to prevent the Act being passed but it was unsuccessful in its efforts, and the Act was passed. “The Act was attacked both in Britain for going too far”. If Britain didn’t go as far as they did with the act they would have had a more successful reign. In this source there is a quote that suggests that divisions within India that was stopping Indian Independence. “in India for not going far enough”. This quote suggests that India didn’t believe the Act wasn’t taken out as much as they would have liked. Round table conferences did prove that congress didn’t speak for all of India, and due to the minority of the Muslims in India the 1937 elections were very nerve racking for the Muslims. If Congress came into power they would have been in a very bad situation. The Muslim League needed to win over all of the Muslims and make sure the trials can become fair.

Throughout the years many historians have compilated and examined why Indian people were so desperate to gain back their independence from the British Empire during their rule over India, from 1612 to 1947. The reasoning can most definitely be found as the British discriminated against Indian people as they believe that they were inferior; it is no surprise that Indian people fought so hard for their independence. Throughout the British Raj, they placed and put forward unbelievably racist acts and laws which discriminated against Indian people. Which of course led to Indians to rebel against the British rule and which the British reacted with causing massacres. Explaining the nationalistic many India’s felt during the British Raj.

The Middle East was made up with small, dysfunctional countries that could not unite because of the difference of religion. India on the other hand did unite and defeated the British Empire by using a non-violent approach. The INC or Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were the two groups that pushed for nationalization of India. The INC’s leader was Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi pushed for the non-violent approach and used the already tainted view of empire against empire not against the British people. “Our quarrel is not with the British people, our fight their imperialism”(Tusan, 232). That quote is from Gandhi’s Quit India Speech. Instead of using violence and anger against the British people, Gandhi used movements like the Salt March as a non-violent approach to protest taxes and people were thrown in jail for it. This was what he needed to get rid of Empire. (Tusan, Lecture, 4/8). With every the non-violent approaches that Gandhi took; it was one step closer to gaining independence. The way that India gained its freedom was

Here lies a statement of my beliefs that I spoke about, during my time at the podium at Simla. I represent the interests of the nearly six million Sikhs of India and explain how the Sikhs have created our own unique religion, how we have continued to defend ourselves from invaders and oppressors, how we have transformed our region into flourishing farmland, and that we therefore deserve to own our homeland of the Punjab (Role Sheet).

In the following paper, I will be comparing the five institutions between the Mongols and the Pakistanis, discussing the unique qualities that distinguish these cultures from one another. These five institutions include topics such as religion, economics, education, politics, and family.

1. A brief history about the Muslim rules in India from the late 1200 century to 1957 is described here.