History of Science and Technology

The European middle ages refers to a time between 476 and 1500 AD. The people of Europe saw a whole new take on warfare tactics bringing about the use of fortresses or castles which led to the creation of siege weapons such as the catapult, the use of mounted knights leading to the creation of new armor and weapons, and by the end of the middle ages the use of gunpowder led to the creation and usage of the first cannons.

In the beginning God created the heavens with the Earth along with man in his own image. For over 1500 years, Christian followers were heavy believers of the bible, seeing it as the primary source for knowledge. Then came the scientific revolution in the 1500s, a movement which challenged the Christian view of the universe. It was a time when people were looking for a new way of thinking about the world. Since then and to this day, there has been several instances in which scientific inquiry and religious belief have collided in their ideologies.

In the book “ The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction”, Lawrence Principe discusses the general occurring events of the scientific revolution, and overviews various in-depth details in relation to those events. People at the time highly focused on the meanings and causes of their surrounds, as their motive was to “control, improve and exploit” (Principe 2) the world. In his work, Principe has successfully supported the notion that the Scientific Revolution stood as a period in time where one's innovation would drive improvements towards change and continuity of future innovations, along with changes of tradition. His statement is strongly backed by his detailed and particular order of events throughout the book. Nevertheless, certain details that lead beyond the necessary background are found, as they do not appertain to the general line of the book, but rather for background knowledge.

During the Middle Ages, or also known as the Medieval Ages, change was a major part of that period. Europe was watching war become much different. In the older times, a few thousands of troops were considered a large army. Nowadays, nobody has ever seen such size of an army with such variety in weapons including guns, munitions, and artillery that were all developed during that period. Besides, it was obvious that the face of warfare was changing by the end of the fifteenth century. Two of the most significant developments were the maintaining of a fair amount of troops on a permanent basis at the ready, and the rising need of gunpowder weapons and munitions. In essence The Middle

The Scientific Revolution was when modern science was essentially established, which came along with the major scientific discoveries took place at the time. Some major scientists that contributed to this major era include Nicholas Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton. The scientific revolution took place following the Renaissance, from the mid-1500’s until about 1700. This revolution took place throughout Europe. This occurred because, following the Renaissance and the reformation, people became very curious and wanted to understand how the Earth worked. It was almost as if, being that this occurred after the reformation, that they wanted to either confirm or refute the church’s claims. The significance of the scientific revolution was one of great proportions, it changed mankind’s understanding the importance of science, and of how the Earth and solar system function.

Military technology, along with weaponry improved from medieval times. Instead of being used as a form of entertainment for the Queen, armor and weaponry began to be used

The era of knights, lances, and chivalry, medieval times, cannot compare to the modern conveniences there are in modern day. From transportation to weapons, even ordinary indulgences, the conveniences of present day are superior to that of medieval times.

The 1920s was an amazing time for America’s economy, especially in science and industrial developments. Scientific ideas and developments in the 19th century brought the opportunity for American advancements that are now seen today. These new inventions and scientific processes not only sets up America for success, but also the success for other countries. After the Great War, America wanted to go back to the idea “normalcy” but really America was changing, and they didn’t even know it.

Medieval warfare is warfare in the middle ages or the time period before the 18th century. (McDonald, James 2010). Advancements in weapons caused for more gruesome and bloody war. The use of swords, spears, axes and arrows caused for many fierce and bloody battles. Advancements in intelligence made for better tactics, strategies, travel and more important more victories.

The medieval time period had violent weaponry, and great inventions. Medieval weaponry is divided into two classes, cold weapons and firearms. Medieval armor protected any soldier and horse participating in a war. Medieval inventions led to rise of production and population.

One unique invention or inventions of the dark ages that has evolved a lot today is weaponry. Gun powder was invented in the dark ages which soon made the cannon possible. Other weapons were invented such as the longbow and crossbow. Different types of armor was built for knights protecting against different types of weapons. One type of armor that many knights wore was chain mail. Chain mail provided protection against enemies trying to cut someone with a blade or other weapon. (Inventions 1)

Medieval military warfare was gruesome, but pretty advanced for the time. There were many new or improved weapons that were made in the Medieval Era. Gunpowder weapons had much more power than their bow counterparts, there were new offensive and defensive weapons, and there were new siege machines that could change the outcome of breaching a fortification. Medieval times were filled with wars, for instance the 100 Year War.

As long as there have been people in this world, technology and science have existed. Technology is a powerful force which helped in the development of civilization and is a part of our system of culture that reflects its values. Technology has become very complex over the years and today it is known to be a social enterprise that includes all aspects such as research, design, finance, manufacturing, labor etc.

So what are science and technology? Science is the systematic study of nature for the purpose of understanding how it

The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories “new” based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what is going on in science, it is clear to me that the scientific world is in a crisis state. According to Kuhn, a crisis state is when science is in the middle of choosing a particular paradigm to work under. For scientists, there is a general theme