Hiv And Its Effects On The World 's Worst National Aids Epidemic

The profound author and voice actor Tsom Bodett once said “In school you are taught a lesson and then given a test, in life you are given a test then taught a lesson”. This is one of my favorite quotes because of how true it is. In the book Tall Grass all of the characters have arguably learned many lessons, but the character who I believe learned the most valuable one is Rennie and how she learned to accept people for who they are.

HIV/AIDS has been responsible for one of the worst epidemics in history. In her book “The Invisible Cure” Helen Epstein details why Africa in particular was so devastated by the disease, which countries failed and which succeeded in the struggle to contain the virus, and why this happened. Epstein highlights a particular phenomenon, that first took place in Uganda, but which can be translated to many countries and situations, and which she calls “the invisible cure.”

In The Invisible Cure, Helen Epstein talks about why HIV/AIDS rate is so high in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Through the book, she gives us an account of the disease and the struggles that many health experts and ordinary Africans went through to understand this disease, and how different African countries approached the same problem differently. Through this paper, I will first address the different ways Uganda and Southern African countries, South Africa and Botswana in particular, dealt with this epidemic, and then explain how we can use what we have learned from these African countries to control outbreaks of communicable disease elsewhere around the world.

Nearly three decades ago, there was an increase in deaths of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Developing countries have experienced the greatest HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, with the highest prevalence rates recorded in young adults in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa over three million people are killed by this disease (Macfarlene3). After this epidemic spreaded in Africa and killed people it branched out to other countries in the world.

Although ninety-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries, the impact of this epidemic is global. In South Africa, where one in four adults are living with the disease, HIV/AIDS means almost certain death for those infected. In developed countries however, the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has meant HIV/AIDS is treated as a chronic condition rather than a killer disease. In developing countries like South Africa, the drugs that allow people to live with the disease elsewhere in the world, are simply too expensive for individuals and governments to afford at market price.

When visiting South Africa, I was intrigued at the beauty of the country, but was also curious as to how the country was dealing with one of Africa’s largest problems, AIDS/HIV. With the AIDS epidemic having started over 25 years ago, the disease continues to affect the population of Africa, especially South Africa, the nation with 5.6 million people living with HIV, the most in the world. Much of South Africa’s history of struggle with the virus is attributed to misinformation given by Thabo Mbeki, a former president, who “questioned the link between HIV and AIDS” and his former health minister who misled the nation with ideas that the virus could be treated with “beets and

Swaziland lie on the fifth lowest place in the world on the index of life expectancy, according to the CIA World Fact Book, with expected life is on average 49,2 years. (3) The UN have in their MDG's informed that the goal is to reduce the number of child death before the age of 5 from 180/1000 children to 60/1000 children by 2015. In 2008, they where down to 129, meaning they are going in the right direction, but not fast enough. Swaziland is a part of the area which are referred to as Sub-Sahara Africa, having HIV/AIDS problems like no other area in the world.

An upsetting pattern has risen inside of the previous couple of years, demonstrating a relentless increment of ladies being contaminated with HIV/AIDS every year. This pattern is particularly conspicuous in sub-Saharan Africa. While the illness is contaminating more ladies than any other time in recent memory and now represents about portion of those living with HIV around

The title of the study is appropriate and contains 12 words that describe the study adequately. The title contains the study population of community counselors and educators and key variables including the the dependent variable the HPV vaccine education and the independent variable enhancing knowledge and attitudes.The traditional abstract clearly and briefly outlines the main highlights of the report including the problem, methods, result and conclusion. The problem is focusing on parents of preadolescents with educational attempts that may aid them in making knowledgeable choices about vaccinating their children against the human papillomavirus (HPV). The methods used include a pilot study that was conducted to examine “knowledge, attitudes,

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world that is most affected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations reports that an estimated 25.4 million people are living with HIV and that approximately 3.1 million new infections occurred in 2004. To put these figures in context, more than 60 percent of the people living with the infection reside in Africa. Even these staggering figures do not quite capture the true extent and impact that this disease causes on the continent. In 1998, about 200,000 Africans died as a result of various wars taking place on the continent. In that same year, more than 2 million succumbed to HIV/AIDS (Botchwey, 2000).

Just as clearly, experience shows that the right approaches, applied quickly enough with courage and resolve, can and do result in lower HIV infection rates and less suffering for those affected by the epidemic. An ever-growing AIDS epidemic is not inevitable; yet, unless action against the epidemic is scaled up drastically, the damage already done will seem minor compared with what lies ahead. This may sound dramatic, but it is hard to play down the effects of a disease that stands to kill more than half of the young adults in the countries where it has its firmest hold—most of them before they finish the work of caring for their children or providing for their elderly parents. Already, 18.8 million people around the world have died of AIDS, 3.8 million of them children. Nearly twice that many—34.3 million—are now living with HIV, the virus [9].

Educators and politicians have long questioned the quality and effectiveness of the techniques used in bilingual education programs. William J. Tikunoff (1985), in the Significant Bilingual Instructional Features study identified five specific bilingual instructional features that are favored by educators in their effort to ensure that limited English language proficient (LEP) students acquire the basic academic and language skills necessary to succeed in school and beyond. All of these features and techniques are also incorporated in the components of the Sheltered Instruction Observational Protocol (SIOP) standards for bilingual and second language instructional excellence (Echevarria, Vogt, & Short 2012). Sheltered instruction is a

South Africa’s labor supply is negatively affected by incidences of HIV/AIDS because of increased mortality and morbidity. AIDS decreases fertility rates and deaths from the disease ultimately lowers the population and labor force. Workers in key sectors of the economy such as mining and healthcare have been particularly affected. One study done by researchers, (R Elias, University of Botswana, personal communication, 2000), estimated that the mining workforce aged between 30 and 44 would see a decrease from 60% to 15% in 2015. South African Healthcare professionals are also heavily impacted, 20% of student nurses are infected with HIV [2]. There is a dearth of data on HIV prevalence in the public domain but a few studies have been done in high risk sectors like transport and mining.

There are four indicators which provide evidence that this target was met. Immense progress has occurred in combating HIV/AIDS in Zambia and these indicators were used to monitor that progress. The first indicator was HIV prevalence among the population aged 15-24 years old. The goal for this indicator was to reach 15.6% or lower by 2015. Zambia had already reached the target by 2002 and by 2007 had exceeded it with 14.3% (Millennium Development Goals). These statistics show that the percent of HIV incidences in Zambia were decreasing and surpassed its goal only two years into its 15 year timeline. HIV incidences have stabilized in Zambia but the absolute number of new infections is actually rising due to population growth. Although the Zambia’s national MDG target has been met, this does not show the disparities within the country in HIV prevalence rates amongst provinces. Lusaka and Copperbelt are the densest provinces and also had the highest HIV prevalence, over 20% in 2007. This shows that HIV can spread more easily through dense places like cities. There was an increase of new HIV infections from 1998 to 2002 that could have been caused by a range of factors such as lack of awareness and use of services, low use of condoms, or low rates of male

HIV is one of the diseases on which a lot of research has already been conducted, but, still scientists are working on this to get the best solution for the treatment. Hence, there are many procedures already available to deal with this disease, but not satisfactory, due to which further research is required in this context. Every country is facing the deaths of its people due to this disease, and have its own ratio of deaths, according to the treatment procedures available for the disease. The death rate of people is not only dependent on the bad treatment procedures and facilities, it is also because, some countries have more AIDS cases than others, and do not have control over the symptoms causing the disease more. A lot of countries took the initiative with UN and UNAIDS developed and contributed to