Hiv Case Study

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 50,000 people are infected with HIV each year. In 2010, the most recent year for which this information is available, there were around 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States (p. 1). The population of people with HIV is diverse due to the fact that it does not discriminate. Men and women of any age,

HIV and AIDS have had a great impacted throughout varies countries. As an illness with no none cure, it is essential to promote prevention among those at risk. Thailand’s “No Condom, NO sex: The 100% Condom program” was successful at greatly reducing the cases of new HIV infection cases (Levine, 2007, p.10). Thailand’s program has the advantage to serve as a building block to many other countries experiencing high levels of HIV/AIDS infection, but is limited due to

The variable “‘‘percent protected intercourse’’ by isolating the total number of condom protected vaginal and anal acts by total protected and unprotected vaginal and

(2011) was a multi-continent, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy on the speed of the disease process among HIV-1 infected and HIV-1 uninfected partners. In the study, 1,763 HIV mixed status couples were grouped into either early antiretroviral and delayed therapy groups. Inclusion criteria consisted of the HIV-1 infected participant having a CD4 count between 350 and 550 with no previous antiretroviral therapy usage, except to prevent mother-baby transmission. Participants attended three monthly sessions and then quarterly sessions until ill or requiring an additional amount of antiretroviral drugs (Cohen et al, 2011). The uninfected partners were tested each quarter for seroconversion, the period in time in which antibodies become detectable. The research study concluded that early antiretroviral therapy initiation had a greater effect on CD4 count than delayed antiretroviral therapy. The average CD4 count in the early therapy group originated at 400 and increased to 603 after 12 months of ART. A decline of CD4 cells were noted in the delayed group (Cohen et al, 2011). The authors concluded that a higher incidence of HIV transmission was noted in African countries and adverse effects were more likely to occur in the early therapy group. Early therapy had a positive effect on the HIV-1 uninfected and HIV-1 infected

Although, (NIH, 2007) reports that condoms have reduce HIV Transmission by 87-95 percent. To get these African American male students from seeing it to exploring condom use as an option or a benefit is contemplation. However, a Condom Education Program is placed an inner city high school, whose population is 65 percent Afro-American male. NIH reported data is the goal of the program. The objective is by the end of the year, 45% of Afro American sexual active males are

PrEP works by blocking important routes that HIV uses to spread its infection. If taken as prescribed, the medicine flowing through the bloodstream should inhibit HIV from spreading through the body. However, when not taken daily, the result may be too little medicine in the bloodstream to stop the spread of HIV. When taken as prescribed, PrEP has been understood to lessen the risk of HIV by more than 90% in people who are at a high risk. PrEP can even be more effective and preventative of HIV when it is combined with other methods. The combination of condom use and drug abuse treatment can be even more of a HIV deterrent when combined with PrEP.PrEPis effective in treating people who are HIV-negative and very prone to the

Prevention of HIV begins with using latex condoms during sex. In addition to using condoms, abstinence, limiting the number of sexual partners, and not sharing needles are

2.). Clinical Effectiveness Group. UK national guidelines on safer sex advice. London (UK): British Association for Sexual Health and HIV; 2012 Jul. 32 p.

I understand where you are coming from, but the science has advanced so much since then. First, the only safe sex and no sex. Condoms are highly effective in preventing infection, but it is also not fail proof. Second, I think PrEP must be looked in the context of harm reduction. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are almost 50,000 people who contract HIV a year. They also estimate that there are about 1.2 million people in the U.S. living with HIV/ADS and of those, about 14% do not know they are infected. PrEP presents a very real chance we could halt the epidemic in our

Despite the awareness that has brought attention to HIV testing, and medicinal advancements that have made decreasing the rate of transmission possible, over 50,000 new HIV infections are diagnosed every year in the United States2. Of these infections, 63% of new diagnoses are men that have sex with men (MSM), and 66% are African American2. This makes African American MSM’s the group with the highest number of new infections, and therefore the group at highest risk. Yet, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has brought a new weapon to the table when it comes to the war on HIV. Now, with PrEP, high risk individuals have an option to further protect themselves, although safe sex, with a condom, is still very important. PrEP does not cover other STI’s, which increases the importance of latex condom use.

1. Comment on the Brazilian and Indian governments’ strategies for the prevention of AIDS via the marketing of condoms.

Available treatment for HIV infected individuals currently includes HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy). This treatment has proven to be effective by extending life of individuals affected by HIV, doing so by decreasing viral load, HIV transmission, disease progression, reducing severity of symptoms and preserved the immune system. Therefore, it is important for the patient to get tested to ensure treatment is no delayed and risk further complication. As the virus progress the illness associated with it becomes more complicated and difficult to treat because without treatment the immunodeficiency rises. “The majority of disease occurs in the advanced stages of HIV infection where immunosuppression is the predominant influence Hogan, C., & Wilkins, E., (2011).” Therefore for patient should seek early treatment and adhere to medication regimen to decrease progression of the infection and prevent further complication. Other issues that need to be address is measures need to be taken for early testing, without being tested many patient are able to transfer the virus from one person to another without even knowing. Early diagnose of the disease will give patient the opportunity to seek medical care and become knowledgeable of the step needed to take to prevent them from infecting other individual. Several states have now implement policies to test newborn babies for the HIV virus without permission of the parents. ----------cite.

The CDC highly recommends the use of PrEP to people of HIV negative status that are at high risk of being exposed to the virus, especially to those in relationships with HIV positive partners, to men who have sex with men, and to

On July 2012, the U.S F.D.A approved the drug – Tenovir/Emtricitabine, as the first drug to be used in the pre-exposure prevention of HIV in adults who had the highest risk of contracting the disease. The research, backed by clinical trials proved that routine intake of the prophylaxis drug was likely to reduce the risk of contracting HIV transmitted through sex. This was good news given the growing number of new cases of the disease in the United States of America, and in the rest of the world where the drug would form a major component in cutting the risks of new infections in combination with other secondary measures. However, a major challenge to the increases use of the prophylactic drug

condom and by limiting or having less sexual partners. Avoid sharing needles for injection drugs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by taking PrEP daily a person can have a lower risk by more than 90% of getting HIV from sex and more than 70% from injection drug use. It proved that PrEP is more effective when you persistently taking it every single day because if you don’t take PrEP every day, there may not be sufficient medicine in your bloodstream to block HIV. Given the sufficient proof of high standard of effectiveness and a small risk, PrEP is gradually gaining popularity as a very successful prevention. According to Rebekah Webb, in 2012, the US Food and drug Administration (FDA) officially accept the