Clinical Feature
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the upshot of an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks certain cells of the immune, nervous and other systems and damages their appropriate function. HIV infection might cause impairment to the brain and spinal cord via encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain). Other problems that can befall because of HIV infection embrace pain, seizures, shingles, spinal cord problems, absence of coordination, problematic or painful swallowing, anxiety disorder, downheartedness, fever, vision loss, gait ailments, devastation of brain tissue sand coma. The gamut of neurological disorders is extensive and encompasses the central nervous system, or CNS (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system, or PNS (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, and connected muscle). Neurological disorders connected to HIV often lead to abridged quality of life and shortened survival, particularly in individuals with more
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Amid the most common neurological complications are AIDS dementia complex causing symptoms such as encephalitis (swelling of the brain), behavioral variations and a steady decline in cognitive function; central nervous system lymphomas, cancerous tumors that either start in the brain or arise from a cancer that has spread from another location in the body; cryptococcal meningitis; cytomegalovirus infections; herpes virus infections; neuropathy; neurosyphilis; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); and psychological and
Encephalitis is a neurological disorder that results in the inflammation of the brain and sometimes the meninges. It is usually due to a viral infection. Most often arboviruses cause encephalitis, by transference via mosquitos to humans and animals. When bitten by an infected mosquito the virus moves from the mosquito into the person’s blood, it then reaches the brain and spinal cord, it multiplies within the central nervous system thus inflaming and damaging nerve cells, this interferes with signals from the brain to the rest of the body. The herpes simplex virus type one can commonly cause encephalitis. HIV has also been noted as an increasing cause of encephalitis. Viral infections like: mumps, chicken pox and measles can also cause encephalitis, but rarely.
1.1. Identify 2 conditions that may lead to an acute illness of the neurological system.
The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome denotes a spectrum of conditions that are caused by the HIV virus. Infection with this disease does not result in the instant occurrence of the related signs and symptoms. However, an individual is likely to experience flu-like symptoms after he or she is infected with it. Eventually, the person experiences a prolonged period of apparent health with no visible signs. On progression, the infection adversely interferes with the immune system of the individual. The weakening of the body’s defense system increases the risk of recurrence of common infections and opportunistic illnesses that
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS weakens the immune system hampering the body’s defense mechanisms. AIDS is known to be a deadly disease, especially if it is not treated in a timely manner. AIDS and HIV is an epidemic that is increasing among the African American population with roots tracing back to Africa, AIDS and HIV needs greater exposure and more awareness within the African American community and in the homosexual community.
disease and Alzheimer’s. Severe infection that has spread to the brain, epilepsy, stroke, and the late
Cognitive Impairment Caused by HIV - Various forms of AIDs can cause damage to the memory, as well.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is defined by the Mayo Clinic as "A chronic, potentially life-threatening condition which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the immune system, and interferes with the ability the body has to fight the disease causing organism" (Mayo Clinic, 2014). HIV is an infection transmitted sexually. Another mode of transmission for HIV is by exposure to infected blood, or it could also be transmitted from the mother to the unborn child during the course of pregnancy, at childbirth or through breastfeeding. It may take several years for the HIV virus to weaken the immune system
The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of the HIV infection; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the disease it causes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acquired means you can get infected; Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body’s system that fights diseases. Syndrome means a group of health problems that make up a disease (1). Killing or damaging T helper cells of the body’s immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body’s ability to fight infections (1).
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus for which the virus is responsible for HIV infections. The virus attacks the immune system making it impossible for the immune system to fight off infections and diseases. HIV is a lentil retrovirus with a genetic complexity not seen previously among any kind of retrovirus. It operates in an inconspicuous nature comprising several parts: HIV destroys immunologically important white blood cells called T-helper cells (CD4+.) It goes inside a host cell DNA, where it can remain stays for extended periods and it inactively infects cells of monocyte lineage that can move throughout the body. It also has an affinity to nerve cells making it neurotropic and its antigenic biological properties are heterogeneous. However, HIV is distinct from acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS, which is the full syndrome that consequently damages the immune system. AIDS is a stage when an
In people with HIV and AIDS, encephalopathy is usually caused by an infectious agent, such as a bacteria, virus or prion.
If the immune system is crippled, other diseases can result.The immune system is very complex. It can recognize and remember not just thousands but millions of different kinds of bad cells, and it can produce secretions that is released from fluids and cells to match up with and take out most of them. It is a disease that slowly destroys the immune system. It is caused by “HIV”, it is a virus that wipes out certain types of lymphocytes called T-helper cells. Without T-helper cells, the immune system is not able to protect the body against regular harmless organisms, which can cause life-threatening infections in people who have
HIV stands for (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). If not treated properly, it can be turned into a disease called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV affects the body's immune system, primarily targeting the T cells. In result of this, the human body is more vulnerable to get more infections
Encephalitis is a term for diseases in which the brain swells, but which can also mean a swelling or reaction by any part of the CNS (Baker and Larsen, 1944). Many things could and do cause encephalitis from bacterial, viral or fungal infections to trauma induced to the brain which may be hard to diagnose and differentiate from (Khetsuriani et al, 2006). Fatal cases of encephalitis are found to be classified as an acute viral encephalitis in two thirds of cases (Johnson, 1996). Incidence of acute encephalitis has been reported in between
AIDS is a disorder the affects the human immune system, and it is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In the initial stages, a person infected with AIDS might experience some influenza like illness for a brief period, which is normally followed by a long period without any symptoms. As the disorder progresses it affects the immune system more and more making a person more prone to opportunistic infections, and tumors which would usually not affect a person who has a working immune system. AIDS is caused by infected needles, infected blood, injectable drug abuse, having multiple sexual partners, and from an infected mother to her new baby. HIV the virus, which causes AIDS is primarily transmitted via unprotected sex including oral and anal sex.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. Infection by this virus frequently leads to AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Viral infection initially causes a flu-like illness characterized by fever, sore throat, headache, rash, gastrointestinal discomfort, and body aches (mylagias). The virus tends to stay dormant for months or years while it is slowly killing immune cells – especially CD4 cells.