Hiv Research Paper

​African-Americans are the ethnic group most affected by HIV/AIDS. Ironically african-americans represent 14% of the population of the United States , but represent 44% across the gender line. African-american men represent 70% of HIV infections among the ethnic group, however african-american women are also highly at risk of HIV infection. Indeed they have a rate of infection that is 15 times greater than the rate for caucasion women (HIV among African-Americans, 2012). Most African-american women (85%) are infected with HIV through heterosexual sex, often with partners, who claim to be

HIV/AIDS is a disease with social, psychological and physiological consequences for those impacted by the illness. The impact of HIV and AIDS among African American women has been devastating. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2010) reports that black women represent 29% of the estimated new HIV infections among all adult and adolescent African Americans and HIV/AIDS is the third leading cause of death for black women ages 25?44. Several

Many people are unaware of their health status further increasing transmission of disease in young adult African American(AA) women age 18-24. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) infects and also destroy blood cells (i.e. lymphocytes) that the body need to fight off infection (Mays 2011). African American women HIV positive, age 18-24 the magnitude of issue of the health disparity in this particular population will be addressed along with the many factors of social and health determinants. The health concern is towards the increase of transmission among young AA mothers and their children who are the health outcomes in many ways than one. The many social and health determinants that affect the women today are on going cycles that have yet to be broken. African American women make 64% of new infection cases for HIV. African american obtain a vulnerability unlike other minorities. The health population’s culture and stigma has played an important role in the community. The concern for AA women is the increase of new cases and most importantly the spread of the disease to these women’s children. The mortality rate of AA women with HIV is 47.1% as of 2012. (Siddiqi 2015)

According to recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.2 million individuals in the United States have HIV (about 14 percent of which are unaware of their infection and another 1.1 million have progressed to AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of HIV cases in the US has increased, however, the annual number of cases remains stable at about 50, 000 new cases per year. Within these estimates, certain groups tend to carry the burden of these disease, particularly the gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) and among race/ethnic groups, Blacks/African American males remain disproportionately affected. (CDC)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a pandemic problem affecting global health. At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally. The rate of incidence is more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa with almost 1 in every 24 adults living with HIV/AIDS. In the united states, HIV/AIDS is a diversified health problem affecting all sexes, ages and races and involving the transmission of multiple risk behavior. However, with the introduction of various prevention programs and antiretroviral drugs, the incidence of HIV/AIDS has reduced.

All campaigns, programs or intervention initiatives are dependent on the strength and support of stakeholders. In the absence of such cooperative bonds, the achievement of objectives cannot come to fruition. With that said, “one of the most exciting aspects of AAA is the leadership role prominent national non-profits are taking in reaching their communities with life-saving HIV prevention messages” (CDC, 2013, p. 3). Act Against AIDS achieves such results through their support of the Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative (AAALI), which is a network inclusive of 19 partners to include Hispanic/Latino, African American, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) organizations (CDC, 2013). Equally important, in efforts to maximize the reach of the AAA campaign, the CDC recruits, and work in close collaboration with a vast array of public health partners, as well as media outlets who disseminate campaign material and messages. These partnerships are instrumental in subsidizing the work and achievements of the national non-profit organizations who are often the first line of defenses.

According to the CDC (2015), more than one million people are living with HIV in the United States, and more than 50,000 become newly infected each year. Unfortunately, one in five Americans living with HIV are unaware of their infection. I believe using the strategy which stresses the use of the 10 essential services of public health will help reduce the incidence of HIV in our

Therefore, the methods that are used since the HIV/AIDS have caused many deaths around the world, it shows how preventive the public health services have become. Arrangements are as emphasized by the CDC ‘’cost analysis, economic evolution, decision and transmission modeling, regulatory impact analysis, Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) and Health Impact Assessment (HIA)’’. Since HIV/AIDS was a form of cancer, at first the strategies of economic is the exploration of the cost of cancers, hospital acquired infectious, transferable diseases, to further, the output of investigation of local health department. Also, the creation of modeling vaccine methods for HIV itself, and infectious diseases diagnosis and treatment, state public health resource –allocation. As an example, the New York Health Options is based on a call center for NY public health insurances programs as Medicaid family health plus, and child health plus. in addition, the social science of public health relies on regulatory impact analysis for anticipating and evaluating the impact of cost and or behaviors. Moreover, BIA requires scientific data, public health expertise plans, programs, and projects. (CDC) finally the HIA is a method that is on practical recommendation for ways to minimize risks and capitalize on opportunities to improve the community’s health. (CDC) From 2005 to 2014, the

Bradley, et al. (2014) examined the continuum of services among persons living with HIV in the United States during 2011. Data was gathered and examined from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) from the United States regarding improving the care and treatment of individuals diagnosed with HIV from 2011-2013. This data was significant because the finding could ultimately assist the government with reducing new infection and related illnesses and improving the rate of viral load suppression with the assistance of antiretroviral therapy (ART). According to the authors in 2011 in the United States an estimated 1.2 million individuals were living with HIV (Bradley, et al., 2014, p. 1113). Furthermore, the authors also stated

About the national response to the HIV epidemic in Detroit, the National HIV/AIDS strategy details the principles and priorities to guide the collective national work to address HIV in the U.S. by the year 2020 (Opalewski, 2016). The United States government leads

HIV is an epidemic that is present worldwide, the disease is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa for the most part. In context, of the estimated thirty-four million cases of HIV in 2008, twenty-two to twenty-three cases were in sub-Saharan Africa. On the contrary, 1.4 million people are infected with HIV in North America. (Sigall K. Bell, MD, 2011, p. 38). Further, the sum of global infections approximately two million are under fifteen of age. Approximately 50,000 cases a year are in the United States due to the lack of prevention, which then leads to overall prevention. Potential causes of the spreading of HIV are non-effective educational messages along with the high-risk sexual behavior. Also, this just calls for increasing chances of acquiring

An 85-page HIV funding and testing guideline issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2014. The document highlights the steps that organizations providing HIV testing and services must follow, upon receiving a HIV positive test result. This process includes uniting the medical and social aspects of HIV care for patients. The document also provides state statistics detailing the percentage of HIV positive individuals who have been linked to care, compared to those who have been lost to follow up.

United States has a goal in mind regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection, to become a country free HIV/AIDS, make it a rare disease and if someone gets it, the person will receive a high quality healthcare and no discrimination for the disease nor the person´s economy, ethics, sexual orientation, etc. In 2010 it was established the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States. With President Obama in charged, the government committed to reach three main goals regarding the HIV/AIDS strategy plan; reduce the number of people

In the efforts to prevent the spread of the disease and make treatment available, to those that have HIV/AIDS is an urgent health problem in the district of Washington DC with an increase in the numbers of those infected by HIV/AIDs (Dcgov.org,2016). The targeted program would identify new HIV diagnoses more efficiently; expand surveillance data to help providers reengage those who are not receiving services; engage all relevant District agencies to improve access to housing for those who are living with HIV; expand access to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) - a drug regimen proven effective in preventing infections among high-risk populations; and continue syringe access services and condom distribution (D.C. Department of Health, 2015). Similarly, targeted programs are interventions to prevention further issues.

Without treatment, about 50 per cent of all people living with HIV will develop AIDS within 10 years after infection. Special risk groups were identified by the CDC and include it: users of injecting drug users and their sexual partners, people with a large number of sexual partners, men who have sex with men and their female partners, persons who exchange sex for money or drugs. The highest growth rates occur among injecting drug users, women and infants born to women in high-risk groups. Sex between men may have a transmission speed of up to one in ten, Depending on sexual practices. The rates of transmission among intravenous drug users are high because a contaminated needle can enter directly the HIV in the bloodstream. Sex workers also have a high risk of contracting and transmitting HIV. HIV / AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is often set in high risk groups before moving on to the population in general. As the transmission mode changes of sex between men and the sharing of needles by intravenous drug users, the rate of HIV among women increases often dramatically, which leads to a greater number of children born with HIV or orphaned by AIDS. It is more likely that it is a widespread epidemic in poor countries, which may lack the infrastructure, money, and large-scale effective political stability for the treatment and prevention of HIV. "It is estimated that 20 to 35 percent of the newborns of infected mothers develop infection by HIV." About 60 percent of AIDS patients are white, 25 percent are black, and 15 percent are Hispanic. "The development of a safe and effective vaccine against HIV is a high priority for the next decade. Other prevention and strategies are crucial to stop the spread of infection by HIV. The majority of people infected with HIV in the United States are not aware that they even have the virus. The efforts of public education about the risks and the precautionary