Hodgkin Lymphoma Research Paper

If the lymph nodes in the armpit or neck are enflamed then the procedure is simple, however if it is only the nodes in the chest a mediastinoscopy or a less common thoracotomy is required. This involves opening the chest, or in the case of thoracotomy the neck, so that the entire lymph may be taken out. To test the stage of the disease the following tests are available depending on preference and the position of the lymph nodes. A CT scan or Ultrasound shows lymph nodes in the stomach area, abnormalities in the liver or spleen problems. A lymphograph can detect pelvic and abdominal problems, bone marrow biopsy test the bone marrow as the Hodgkin’s disease often spreads to the marrow. A laparotomy involves the surgeon opening one’s abdomen to see the organs. At times the spleen is removed as it is often infected with Hodgkin’s disease and it being gone often helps with radiotherapy. Laparotomy is less frequent as scanning type tests are more often used. Liver biopsy tests the liver, this is only necessary in certain circumstances. A gallium scan entails an injection of gallium, and because of the way Hodgkin’s disease takes up gallium parts of the nodes which are otherwise difficult to see are visible. Blood tests are often done as well and new methods of testing are being developed. In any of these cases if a Reed-Sternberg cell is found

Specific Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about the disease Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and allow them to be more aware about what exactly it is, what the common symptoms are, and how to treat the disease.

Leukemia is cancerous disease that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the blood-stream (National Cancer Institute, 2008, para. 1). It is one of many complicated cancer diseases that affect all ages and have very negative outcomes if not treated properly, and on time. Within the disease are several different types that affect according to how quickly the disease develops and attacks the body. It could be classified as chronic leukemia, which has a slow progress of getting worse or acute leukemia which usually gets worse quickly. The types of leukemia also can be grouped based on the white blood cell that is affected (National Cancer Institute , 2008, p. 1).

He sufferred a recurrence of Lymphoma at the age of 73. A Lymphoma is any of a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphatic cells.

3. Although lymphomas can originate in any of the lymphoid tissues of the body, most originate in the lymph nodes, and most (80% to 85%) are of B-Cell origin. Hypothesize as to why B-cells are more commonly affected than T-cells.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, which is universal term for tumors that develop in the lymphatic system. It is also called non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin represents for about 90% of all lymphomas, and the remaining 10% are indicating to as Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have an extensive variety of histological appearances and clinical components, which can make diagnosis hard. Lymphomas are not uncommon, and most doctors, independent of their and expertise, will presumably have gone over a patient with

Cancers arising from the lymph nodes or other sites of lymphoid tissue are broadly termed lymphomas. This group of diseases is divided into Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In both conditions, there is a replacement of normal lymphatic tissue by collections of abnormal lymphoma cells.

The assessment depended on the contrast-enhanced image captured by computed tomography. Though, the contrast-enhanced computed tomography image has a limited sensitivity in detecting the involvement of lymphoma in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and extra nodal tissues. CT Scan is also helpful in staging and re-staging of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma. It also has high sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of disease before treatment. The major disadvantage of CT scan is that its sensitivity extremely decreases in post-therapy assessment of disease and it cannot differentiate between masses, viable tumor, necrotic and scar

Statistics show that out of all the diagnosed lymphoma cases in the United States, there are typically more male than female cases. The estimated rate for lymphoma cases in the U.S. for 2015 is about 9,050 according to the research of the American Cancer Society. Out of those cases, an estimated 3,950 will be female and 5,100 male. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can occur in patients of all ages. Although it is rare, lymphoma can be diagnosed in children as well. The typical age range of being diagnosed with HL is between 15 and 40. Most cases tend to come about when the patient is in their early 20’s. (“What are the Key

Lymphoma is one of the most common type of blood cancers or also known as lymphatic cancer. Lymphoma is divided into two forms Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lymphomas begin in white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphomas occur when the immune system is attacked by malignant lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are divided into B and T cells and help the body fight off any infections or diseases. B cells or lymphocytes are what produce the antibodies in our bodies

It is the second most common type of cancer found in children. Ewing's sarcoma typically occurs in people between 10 and 20 years old. However, it can occur at any age.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is slow-progressing or “chronic”, cancer of the blood and bone marrow. CLL is the second most common leukemia in adults and one of the four primary types of leukemia. Certain risk factors have been identified including age, race, sex, family history of blood and bone marrow cancers and chemical exposure. Most people diagnosed with CLL are white males over the age of 60. Occurrence increases with age and a marked increase after 60. Herbicides, insecticides and Agent Orange used in the Vietnam War have shown to increase the risk of developing CLL. There are approximately 15,000 new cases diagnosed each year.

When determining your risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the following are factors to be considered: Having HIV/AIDS, autoimmune conditions, Human T-lymphotrophic virus type I or Epstein-Barr virus infection, H pylori; taking immunosuppressant drugs post-organ transplant; and being an older white male. Also, there are an estimated of 72,240 new cases and 20,140 deaths (PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board, 2017).

Treatment of lymphoma may cause fibrosis and necrosis in lymph nodes which can limit size-based response assessments. In 1999, the IWG criteria commonly known as Cheson criteria, defined five categories of clinical response based on CT imaging of lesion size for non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) [36]. Original criteria had limitations such as a high variability, the failure to consider 18FDG-PET, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry and the failure to take into account non-nodal disease. Revised criteria by the IWG published in 2007, were applied to NHL and also Hodgkin's disease [37]. It integrates 18FDG-PET, IHC, and flow cytometry into original criteria which adds more sensitivity to both staging and evaluation of treatment response.

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a scary disease. The term “acute” means the disease can quickly spread and progress quickly and can prove fatal in months if left untreated. “Lymphocytic” simply means that it develops from immature forms of lymphocytes. Also known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or ALL for short, it is a type of cancer that starts from the early form of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, though adults can get it as well. For children, treatment results in a good chance of a cure. Adults have a significantly smaller chance of a cure with ALL. ALL generally invades the blood very quickly and has the potential to spread to other body parts such as the spleen,