Holism: Diverse Fields Of Study

A weakness of this approach is that it is a reductionist. For example, it reduces human behavior down to just individual processes but a human is a product of all these processes not just individual parts.

Holistic care is understanding the whole of a person. According to Beryll and Whitehouse 2010:9, Holistic care means looking at all of a person's needs such as their physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual and providing opportunities for these needs to be met.

The holistic view of the person consists of their mind, body, and spirit (Boyt Schell et al., 2012, p. 495). The roles the person partakes in are dynamic, varying across time and context, duration and significance (Law et al., 1996, pp. 15-16).

most with me is the Unitary-Transformative Paradigm. I selected this paradigm because it leads us to seek a higher being; a being that is beyond earth and us. This paradigm connects human beings to the universe and makes us one. This paradigm focuses on human beings as unitary, patterned, self-organizing fields moving from organization to disorganization to more complex organization. Humans are a part of an open energy system with this interconnectedness with the universe, which is our environment. Health has no direction; sometimes you are in good health and other times you are in poor health.

“Reductionists is based on the scientific assumption of parsimony”, and idea that complex problems or phenomenon should be explained by the simplest principles and explanations possible (McLeod). Holism is the quite literal opposite of reductionism, stating that the problem or phenomenon is independent of the properties of the elements it’s made up of and more dependent upon the properties of the problem of phenomenon itself. “In other words, ‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts’ [according to holism theory]” (McLeod). In order to further understand reductionism and holism and their relation to each other and the ‘parts-whole relation’, reflexive, transitive, and symmetric relationships need to be understood. A symmetric relationship is expressed as if X is related to Y by A, the Y is related to X by A.

Overtime, HHI has evolved into a large HSO that continues to satisfy the supports needed within the community. HHI employees 1,200 individuals and serves approximately 5,000 participants daily (Horizon House, Inc., 2016). This HSO serves several populations, such as individuals who are homeless, those with behavioral health challenges, and individuals with mental and developmental disabilities. Today, HHI has taken Marcella’s goals from the 1950’s and enhanced her vision by creating a goal to help participants gain a better quality of life (Horizon House, Inc., 2016). The vision and values of HHI is shared among all staff through the various principles of transformational leadership.

What are the differences between an integrated theory and a holistic (general) theory of crime? Which approach to theory building (integrated or general) do you think is more compelling in its explanatory power? Why? Theory of crime, it is basically a set of facts that one assumes is correct, that attempts to explain a cause and effect for a certain situation which in this particular case would be criminal behavioral causation of crime (Hagan, 2010)

It is not what you look at that matters, it is what you see. The word “look” is typically associated with appearances, whereas seeing orients around discernment. It is from discernment that one’s intentions, and actions, are produced. Nursing literature would argue that you cannot see anything properly - or alternately, adequately discern anything - without considering the whole; to only look at part of something obscures its true appearance. Holism is a word that concerns itself with the whole of an individual. Holism is a word that concerns itself with seeing: with understanding, with consideration, with discernment. It is from an understanding of what defines holism and what holism defines, that nurses can

The humanistic-existential perspective is both a reaction to and an outgrowth of the psychodynamic perspective. These thinkers refer to psychodynamic theory as inadequate, many were repulsed with its tendency to break down the "whole" person into discrete components, and, the idea of adapting to one's society, however questionable its values. Most importantly, they disagree that human action is beyond the individuals control, in fact they believe that if we could develop with out constraints, we would be rational and socialized. Humanists and existentialists also think psychology should be converted into a human science, different from psychological theories with more focus on natural science.

Hayles’ suggested notion of autonomy follows. Although humans are distinct, they are entwined with technological machines. Hayles suggests that instead of trying to have a control over the boundaries between the subjectivity of human and technology, people should strive to understand the dynamics of what flows across the borders. She states that people should recognize such interactions “through which they create us even as we create them.” Hayles’ notion of autonomy can be summarized as a term called posthuman collectivity, which means that people who move from individual autonomy to collective autonomy that acknowledges the interrelations with one another and with the environment.

I have chosen the ‘holistic’ approach in psychology. The holistic approach talks about how as a psychologist you can look at a person as all of their experiences. This takes into account all of the trauma, happiness, and life changing experiences a person has been through. This has been used by many famous psychologists such as, Carl Rogers and Fritz Perls. Specifically humanistic psychologists work on looking at the whole person and making sure the person is accepting who they are. This information has positively impacted my life because as hopefully a future psychiatrist, I want to take in as much information about a person to better assist them in accepting who they are. If I limit the information to certain factors I don’t believe I could

The term holism is derived from the Greek word holos meaning whole, entire, complete, or total (Griffin, 2016, p. 310). The keywords of holism, holistic, body, and spirit were placed into the search engines and any of the words that did not give the intended meaning of the theory and practice of nursing or health were ignored. The definition of body is the entire physical structure of an animal or human being, the flesh (“Body”, 2011, 1a and 2). Holistic theory is defined as the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole (“Holism”, 1). Holism holds that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts; a theory or belief that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts; a

Encarta Dictionary says that Humanism is a system of thought that centers on human beings and their values, capacities and worth. Encarta also goes on the say that, in philosophy, humanism is an attitude that emphasizes the dignity and worth of an individual. A basic premise of humanism is that people are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness. I see myself as a being a humanist through everyday life. I always try to see the good in a person when he/she makes me angry or sad, and say I to myself that maybe that person has had a bad day and living life is difficult at the moment. Socrates was even an early humanist of sorts. He can be quoted as saying, "to know the good is to do the

This essay aimed to evaluate and critique the paper written by Geoffrey Williams and John Zinkin. It was divided into seven parts. First of all, I would brief introduce what the essay is about, followed by giving the description of the paper being evaluated. Then, theory and literature would be evaluated, with highlighting the theoretical frameworks used by the authors in developing the paper. Research design and approach would come to the fourth part, in which I would explore the research design and methods and discuss the benefits and limitations. Afterwards, benefits and limitations of the research design and approach would be given, and finally comes the suggestions of alternative research strategies/method and the

The United States and China boast the two largest economies in the world but, despite this fact, these two countries have very little in common. At first glance, this may seem very obvious to most people but, what exactly is it that makes these two countries so different? How is it that such different perspectives and approaches can both lead to great success? Hofstede’s six dimensions of culture are an attempt to answer these questions and more. Dr. Geert Hofstede, studied employees of the computer firm IBM in over fifty different countries. When he examined his findings he found “clear patterns of similarity and difference along the four dimensions” (Manktelow, Jackson Edwards, Eyre, Cook and Khan, n.d.). The fact that he focused his research on solely IBM employees allowed him to eliminate company culture as a differentiating factor and “attribute those patterns to national and social differences” (n.d.). He used his findings to originally identify four dimensions, later expanded to six, that could “distinguish one culture from another” (n.d.). The six dimensions all on a scale from 0 to 100 are: