Holistic Detective Dubh Harshly Needs For Important Photographic Evidence And Confidential Documents

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

I think the best method of submitting evidence is personal delivery because you can make sure that it gets there on time and that it has not been tampered with or contaminated, you can make sure that no unauthorized persons has come

This paper explores deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection and its relationship to solving crimes. The collection of DNA is one of the most important steps in identifying a suspect in a crime. DNA evidence can either convict or exonerate an individual of a crime. Furthermore, the accuracy of forensic identification of evidence has the possibility of leaving biased effects on a juror (Carrell, Krauss, Liberman, Miethe, 2008). This paper examines Carrells et al’s research along with three other research articles to review how DNA is collected, the effects that is has on a juror and the pros and cons of DNA collection in the Forensic Science and Criminal Justice community.

Security protocols are primarily & commonly used to protect communication via the web, VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and the transferring of files. This report will now go on to compare two main security protocols – TLS & SSH. They will be compared in a way that takes into account both the similarities and differences in approach and features and their relative advantages and disadvantages. This information will then be backed up by examples where each protocol would be preferred to the other in a certain situation along with my own personal reasoning based on the research that has been carried out on my part.

To address the problem, we need to compare and contrast the modern form of the postal service: electronic mail (e-mail). Although email is favorable because it makes communication remarkably fast and you can send things for “free”, in many ways the good old letter is better. We want to identify when and how the letter is better. Even though it is free to send an email, you still need access to internet and a computer, both in which cost hundreds of dollars, opposed to a letter where you can have everything you need to send a letter under a dollar. A letter is also hard evidence, it’s harder to forge than an email, since handwriting is unique, and typing is not. Computers can have many internal errors; the computer can crash, information can be lost or leaked to someone.

Encrypted Outbound Sessions – an encrypted interactive session by an adversary which takes advantage of less restrictive outbound connections

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is a set of specifications that allow computers around the world to openly communicate. It is pivotal to understanding and developing computer to computer communications in a network. Each layer plays a role in the process of sending and receiving data. The application layer is the top layer (layer seven) it promotes communication between programs and lower-layer network services. The services at this layer allow the network to decipher a program's request and the program to decipher data sent from the network. The Application layer protocols, programs handles formatting, procedure, security, synchronization, and any other requirements with the network. The Presentation Layer (layer 6) acts as a translator. For instance these protocols decode the jpg/jpeg files sent within the Web server’s HTTP response. So, in the last step (the Application layer) we enter the Web address and it took us to the Web site. This step allows us to see the images and content of the site. The Session Layer (layer 5) regulates and controls the communication between two nodes on the network. It is an ongoing exchange of data between the two and keeps the connection between them for the duration. It keeps the communication secure, detects whether or not the communication has been cut off and if it has it determines where to restart the

The internet layer is built up of four core protocols: IP, IGMP, ICMP and ARP. Internet protocol (IP) is responsible for routing, IP addressing and breakdown/reassembly of data packets, address resolution protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address to a device on the local network, internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides diagnostic information and error reports on lost packets, internet group management protocol (IGMP) controls who receives IP datagrams in a single transmission. The transport layer is built up of two core protocols: TCP and UDP. Transmission control protocol (TCP) sequences and acknowledges packets sent and their recovery when lost in transmission allowing the computer to make and maintain network conversations where applications exchange data, defined as a connection-oriented protocol meaning the connection is maintained until the programs has finished exchanging data. User datagram protocol (UDP) This is used to transfer small amounts of data when the use of error correction isn’t needed increasing the speed of the transmission, common in multi-player video games as the user will not need to receive packets of past events in the game so the error correction featured in (TCP) would be

Objective 3 – A system that can ensure the safety of data from other possible circumstances that may result to corruption and loss of data.

In this Paper we propose a model for provable data possession (PDP) that allows a client to store the data at an entrusted server to check that the server contains the original data without retrieving it. This model produces probabilistic proof of possession by sampling random block sets from the server, which significantly decreases I/O costs. To verify the proof the client maintains a steady amount of metadata. The challenge/response protocol sends a small, constant amount of data, which reduces communication of the network. However, the PDP model for remote data checking supports more data sets in extensively-spreaded storage systems. We propose two provably-secure PDP schemes that are more efficient than previous solution, when compared

Security is the heart of internetworking. The world has moved from an Internet of implicit trust to an Internet of pervasive distrust. In network security, no packet can be trusted; all packets must earn that trust through a network device’s ability to inspect and enforce policy. Clear text (unencrypted data) services represent a great weakness in networks. Clear text services transmit all information or packets, including user names and passwords, in unencrypted format. Services such as file transfer protocol (FTP), email, telnet and basic HTTP authentication all transmit communications in clear text. A hacker with a sniffer could easily capture user names and passwords from the network without anyone’s knowledge and gain administrator access to the system. Clear text services should be avoided; instead secure services that encrypt communications, such as Secure Shell (SSH) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL), should be used. The use of routers and switches will allow for network segmentation and help defend against sniffing

When you see the shows such as Homicide Hunter or Killer Instincts many times my mom and I try to figure out who is the murder. Most of the time my prediction is right because of the details my mom misses, and putting together all the clues. From then on I realised I had a gift, even if it was I was just watching television show. That is what sparked my interest the criminal justice area. I have contemplated the career choices that would best fit my interest leaving me with Homicide Detective and Criminologist. While both careers deal with criminal justice they differ greatly in the type of work environment, pay, skills/education.

Volunteers received an email or a mobile phone text message as soon as their paper mail has been opened, scanned and sent as an electronic image to a secure digital mailbox, to which only the intended recipient has access. The staff is bound by strict confidentiality obligations. The service had 100,000 users in 2007 and has more than 300,000 users in 2011(Post&Parcel/Itella Group, 2011). Similarly, the Swiss Post from Switzerland lets its customers choose if they want their mail delivered at home in hard copy or scanned and sent to their preferred Internet connected device. Swiss Post also allows its customers to tell them if they would rather not receive items such as junk mail. And finally, the New Zealand Post has signed a licensing deal with digital postal mail provider Zumbox. The company’s software, which is said to be the world’s first platform for digital postal mail, enables the creation of electronic facsimiles of paper mail that are delivered online to users, based on street addresses (Jackson, 2011).

The transport layer: This layer determines how the packets are transported such as the order and what to do if there are errors. The purpose of this layer is to make sure the data be transported correctly. Besides, due to the limitation of physic (maximum IP packet size is 65535bits), the speed of transportation is limited. As a result, this layer needs break big data in to small packets. This can also collect small data into a big packet to reduce unnecessary transmission, which can improve the transmitting speed. Example protocols are TCP, UDP, SCTP.

The two TCP/IP transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP), are very crucial for the smooth operation of network services for both the computer applications and application layer protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP and Telnet. These two transport layer protocols TCP and UDP execute these services via the employment of IP. They use IP in the efficient routing of packets to their respective destination networks (Steinke,2001).The TCP is further noted by Steinke (2001) to be responsible for the provision of a reliable and yet connection-oriented byte-stream packet delivery while its counterpart UDP is noted to be responsible for the provision of a connectionless but rather unreliable packet delivery. In this paper we explain the work of the two TCP/IP transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP). In addition, describe how TCP and UDP manage key functions such as reliability, port addressing, and segmentation.